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Action Observation Therapy in Chronic Stroke Via Telerehabilitation

5 de junho de 2026 atualizado por: Mustafa Kavak, Karabuk University

Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Therapy Via Telerehabilitation Method on Upper Extremity Functions, Daily Living Activities and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke Patients

Stroke, a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly affects upper extremity function, rendering individuals dependent on others for daily living activities and reducing their quality of life. To mitigate these effects, Action Observation Therapy (AOT), which has gained prominence in recent years, activates the mirror neuron system, triggering learning processes in the motor cortex and supporting functional recovery through the imitation of observed movements. Furthermore, telerehabilitation offers a significant advantage in facilitating access to rehabilitation services for these patients requiring long-term treatment, eliminating barriers such as transportation and cost. The absence of studies in the literature comparing the effectiveness of combining these two methods on hand skills and quality of life in individuals with chronic stroke with conventional physiotherapy makes investigating the clinical value of this approach academically unique and necessary.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Stroke is defined as a neurological condition caused by focal damage to the central nervous system due to vascular problems such as cerebral infarction, intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.

Functional impairment in the upper extremities is frequently observed in stroke patients, significantly limiting their grasping and releasing functions, and consequently their daily living activities (ADL) such as eating, drinking, dressing, and self-care. Due to these limitations, stroke patients become dependent to varying degrees, negatively impacting their quality of life. Scientists are conducting various studies to find effective, low-cost, and easily applicable methods that can reduce the effects of stroke, which imposes a significant economic, physical, social, and psychological burden on patients and their families, and improve recovery.

Action Observation Therapy (AOT), which involves observing simple actions frequently used in ADL and then imitating those observed actions, is a rehabilitation approach applied in clinical settings in recent years to improve upper extremity function in the rehabilitation of stroke and various neurological diseases. The neural basis of AOT is the mirror neuron system, which is active not only when observing one's own movements but also when observing others' movements. Studies using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging have shown that mirror neuron activity increases when observing the movements of others. It is stated that observing an action and then trying to imitate it reduces interhemispheric inhibition, and as a result, it activates the primary motor cortex that causes the observed movement, facilitates the execution of the action, eliminates motor function disorders, and allows for the relearning of functions.

Telerehabilitation is the remote delivery of rehabilitation services through telecommunication technology. Telerehabilitation increases the accessibility of physiotherapy interventions in situations where face-to-face rehabilitation is not possible or difficult to access. In stroke patients with a lengthy rehabilitation process, telerehabilitation offers significant advantages, including reduced difficulties in transferring the patient to the healthcare center, shorter travel time, reduced transportation costs, and lower energy costs.

A literature review revealed no studies comparing the effects of AOT delivered via telerehabilitation on upper extremity function, hand skills, daily living activities, and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke compared with conventional physiotherapy.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

30

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

    • Merkez
      • Karabük, Merkez, Turquia (Türkiye), 78100
      • Karabük, Merkez, Turquia (Türkiye), 78100
        • Recrutamento
        • Mustafa KAVAK
        • Subinvestigador:
          • Elif Ulukan, PT
        • Contato:
        • Subinvestigador:
          • Cihan Caner Aksoy, Assoc. Professor
        • Subinvestigador:
          • Musa Güneş, Phd
        • Subinvestigador:
          • İlker İlhanlı, Professor

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being over 18 years of age,
  • Diagnosis of left hemiparetic stroke,
  • Having passed between 6 months since the onset of stroke,
  • Being in stage 4 or 5 of the hand and stage 4, 5 or 6 of the upper extremity according to Brunnstrom staging,
  • Being able to sit on a chair for 30 minutes without support (patients who scored 20 or more points in total from the Trunk Impairment Scale),
  • Scoring 24 or more points from the Mini Mental Test

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unwillingness to participate in the study,
  • Having spasticity that prevents grasping and releasing an object (levels 3 and 4 on the Modified Ashworth Scale),
  • Having a contracture in any of the affected upper extremity joints,
  • Having severe neglect disorder (scoring 21 or higher on the Catherine Bergego Scale),
  • Having impaired cooperation, compliance, and behavior during the administration of tests used to obtain data,
  • Having a mental impairment that prevents communication and following basic commands (scoring less than 24 on the Mini-Mental Test),
  • Having additional neurological and/or orthopedic problems that may affect motor performance and sitting balance,
  • Having severe visual and hearing problems (if any, these problems not corrected with assistive devices such as glasses, contact lenses, hearing aids, etc.)

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Dobro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Action observation Therapy
Participants will receive AOT via telerehabilitation in addition to conventional physiotherapy. They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks.
All participants will receive conventional physiotherapy, including stretching, strengthening, core mobility, balance, electrotherapy, and endurance exercises in the clinic. These traditional sessions will be administered by physiotherapists three times a week, each lasting 45 minutes.
Sem intervenção: control
Participants will receive only conventional physiotherapy. They will receive 3 sessions per week for 5 weeks.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Espasticidade
Prazo: Linha de base
A espasticidade avaliará usando a escala de Ashworth modificada. À medida que a pontuação aumenta, a espasticidade aumenta. A pontuação mínima para essa escala é 1 e a pontuação máxima é de 5.
Linha de base
Estágio da hemiplegia
Prazo: Linha de base
"A renovação de recuperação de hemiplegia de Brunnstrom" será usada para determinar o estágio hemiplégico dos pacientes. Esta escala é pontuada entre 1 e 6. À medida que a pontuação aumenta, o paciente melhora.
Linha de base
Função cognitif
Prazo: Linha de base
O mini teste mental será usado para avaliar as funções cognitivas. Na avaliação, 24 a 30 pontos indicam que as funções cognitivas são normais, 18-23 pontos indicam comprometimento cognitivo leve e 17 pontos e abaixo indicam que o status cognitivo é severamente afetado.
Linha de base
Negligência
Prazo: Linha de base
A escala de Catherine Bergego será usada para avaliar o impacto da negligência unilateral após o derrame nas atividades da vida diária. 1-10 indica negligência leve, 11-20 indica negligência moderada e 21-30 indica negligência grave.
Linha de base
Motor function
Prazo: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
The "Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale" will be used to evaluate upper extremity motor functions. This scale ranges from 0 to 66 points. As the score increases, motor function improves.
Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Life Quality
Prazo: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
The Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale will be used to assess the quality of life of individuals with stroke. The higher the total score, the better the quality of life of the individual with stroke. This scale is scored between 49-245.As the score increases, the quality of life increases.
Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Dominant side
Prazo: Baseline
The "Edinburgh Hand Preference Test" will be used to determine the dominant side used by the patient in daily life. It will be used to determine which hand the patient uses more in daily life (Score range: -100 to +100; high positive scores indicate right-handedness, high negative scores indicate left-handedness).
Baseline
Upper extremity function
Prazo: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Evaluation of upper extremity functions (hand-arm) and motor speed will be done with the "Nine-Hole Peg Test". It is a widely used clinical test that evaluates upper extremity function (hand and arm) and motor performance. The test consists of nine wooden sticks with a diameter of 9 millimeters (mm) and a standard wooden block with nine holes of 10 mm diameter. The patient inserts the nine sticks one by one into the nine holes as quickly as possible, placing them randomly into the holes, and then removes them one by one in the same manner. The timer is started when the first stick is inserted and stopped when the last stick is removed and released from the hand. The time taken for the patient to insert and remove the sticks is recorded. A shorter time indicates better upper extremity function.
Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Functional Independence
Prazo: Baseline, five week later (after intervention)
Evaluation of upper extremity functions will be done with the "Functional Independence Scale (FIS)". The is used to assess the change and development in ADL (Applications for Daily Living) depending on the degree of disability experienced by individuals and rehabilitation programs. Consisting of a total of 18 items, the FIS is divided into two main subcategories: motor domain (FIS-motor; 13 items) and cognitive domain (FIS-cognitive; 5 items). All activities are rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (requires full assistance during activities) to 7 (performs the activity completely independently). The total FIS score ranges from 18 to 126 points. A decrease in the score indicates an increase in the individual's dependence during ADL.
Baseline, five week later (after intervention)

Colaboradores e Investigadores

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Patrocinador

Publicações e links úteis

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Datas de registro do estudo

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Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

15 de junho de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

1 de julho de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de outubro de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

1 de junho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

1 de junho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

5 de junho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

9 de junho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

5 de junho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de junho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • Karabuk-02

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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