Hysteroscopic Findings With Histopathologic Report of Endometrium in Patients With Postmenopausal Bleeding

All patients in this study will be subjected to the following (as detailed in the attached patient's data sheet).

I. Clinical Assessment

• Detailed history including:

  • Duration since menopause
  • Pattern and duration of bleeding
  • Obstetric and medical history
• General abdominal and pelvic examination

II. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS)

• Measurement of endometrial thickness
• Assessment of uterine and adnexal pathology

III. Hysteroscopic Examination

Hysteroscopy will be performed using a rigid hysteroscope to evaluate:

• Endometrial appearance
• Presence of polyps, hyperplasia, or malignancy

Hysteroscopic findings will be classified as:

• Normal (proliferative, secretory, atrophic)
• Abnormal (polyp, hyperplasia, carcinoma, fibroid) (1,3)

Criteria suggestive of:

• Hyperplasia: irregular thickened endometrium, increased vascularity (1,3)
• Carcinoma: irregular necrotic tissue, atypical vessels, friable surface (1,3)

IV. Endometrial Sampling

• Directed biopsy will be taken from su

Inclusion criteria :

• Postmenopausal women presenting with uterine bleeding

• Age ≥ 45 years

  *Exclusion criteria:

• Women on hormone replacement therapy
• Bleeding due to vulvar, vaginal, cervical, or urethral causes
• Patients on anticoagulant therapy
• Patients unfit for hysteroscopy
• Refusal to participate