Exercise and cancer: a position statement from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology

M Pollán, S Casla-Barrio, J Alfaro, C Esteban, M A Segui-Palmer, A Lucia, M Martín, M Pollán, S Casla-Barrio, J Alfaro, C Esteban, M A Segui-Palmer, A Lucia, M Martín

Abstract

Due to improvements in the number of cancer survivors and survival time, there is a growing interest in healthy behaviors, such as physical activity (PA), and their potential impact on cancer- and non-cancer-related morbidity in individuals with cancer. Commissioned by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), in this review, we sought to distill the most recent evidence on this topic, focusing on the mechanisms that underpin the effects of PA on cancer, the role of PA in cancer prevention and in the prognosis of cancer and practical recommendations for clinicians regarding PA counseling. Despite the available information, the introduction of exercise programs into the global management of cancer patients remains a challenge with several areas of uncertainty. Among others, the most effective behavioral interventions to achieve long-term changes in a patient's lifestyle and the optimal intensity and duration of PA should be defined with more precision in future studies.

Keywords: Cancer; Exercise; Exercise-oncology; Oncology; Physical activity.

Conflict of interest statement

MP declares that she have no conflict of interest; SC declares that she have no conflict of interest; JA received institutional research grants from Merck Serono and Novartis; CE received speaker’s honoraria from AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis and Pfizer; MAS-P received consulting/advisory fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Amgen, and speakers’ honoraria from Amgen, Roche and Pfizer; AL declares that he have no conflict of interest; MM has received research grants from Roche and Novartis, consulting/advisory fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Taiho Oncology, Roche/Genentech, Novartis, PharmaMar, Eli Lilly, PUMA Taiho Oncology and Pfizer, and speakers’ honoraria from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Roche/Genentech, Novartis and Pfizer.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distinguishing between patients who need specialist counseling and those who do not. Adaptation to the triage model for population-based screening of cancer survivors for weight management and physical activity interventions. Modified from National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018 [149]. Set. = setting; Tr. = training of professional; LS. = level of supervision. Specialist refers to clinicians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, dieticians, and clinical exercise physiologists
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Specialists and activities that should be developed by each specialist to achieve an adequate exercise intervention for oncologic patients while taking into account training principles adapted to exercise-oncology

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