Incidence Trends of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths, 2002-2012
Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis, Jean M Lawrence, Dana Dabelea, Jasmin Divers, Scott Isom, Lawrence Dolan, Giuseppina Imperatore, Barbara Linder, Santica Marcovina, David J Pettitt, Catherine Pihoker, Sharon Saydah, Lynne Wagenknecht, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, Jean M Lawrence, Corinna Koebnick, Kristi Reynolds, Kim Holmquist, Xia Li, David J Pettitt, Dana Dabelea, Richard F Hamman, Lisa Testaverde, Anna Bellatorre, Georgeanna J Klingensmith, Marian J Rewers, David Maahs, Paul Wadwa, Stephen Daniels, Greta Wilkening, Michael G Kahn, Clifford A Bloch, Jeffrey Powell, Kathy Love-Osborne, Lawrence M Dolan, Debra A Standiford, Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis, Amy Mottl, Joan Thomas, Anwar Merchant, Angela D Liese, Malaka Jackson, Lisa Knight, Deborah Bowlby, James Amrhein, Bryce Nelson, Catherine Pihoker, Maryam Afkarian, Irl Hirsch, Lenna L Liu, John Neff, Grace Kim, Craig Taplin, Debika Nandi-Munshi, Joyce Yi-Frazier, Lina Merjaneh, Davene Wright, Beth Loots, Natalie Beauregard, Sue Kearns, Mary Klingsheim, Michael Pascual, Carla Greenbaum, Giuseppina Imperatore, Sharon H Saydah, Barbara Linder, Santica M Marcovina, Vinod P Gaur, Greg Strylewicz, Jessica Harting, Ralph D’Agostino Jr, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Ronny Bell, Jasmin Divers, Timothy Morgan, Beth Reboussin, Leora Henkin, Maureen T Goldstein, Carrie Williams, Scott Isom, Jeanette Stafford, June Pierce, Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis, Jean M Lawrence, Dana Dabelea, Jasmin Divers, Scott Isom, Lawrence Dolan, Giuseppina Imperatore, Barbara Linder, Santica Marcovina, David J Pettitt, Catherine Pihoker, Sharon Saydah, Lynne Wagenknecht, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, Jean M Lawrence, Corinna Koebnick, Kristi Reynolds, Kim Holmquist, Xia Li, David J Pettitt, Dana Dabelea, Richard F Hamman, Lisa Testaverde, Anna Bellatorre, Georgeanna J Klingensmith, Marian J Rewers, David Maahs, Paul Wadwa, Stephen Daniels, Greta Wilkening, Michael G Kahn, Clifford A Bloch, Jeffrey Powell, Kathy Love-Osborne, Lawrence M Dolan, Debra A Standiford, Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis, Amy Mottl, Joan Thomas, Anwar Merchant, Angela D Liese, Malaka Jackson, Lisa Knight, Deborah Bowlby, James Amrhein, Bryce Nelson, Catherine Pihoker, Maryam Afkarian, Irl Hirsch, Lenna L Liu, John Neff, Grace Kim, Craig Taplin, Debika Nandi-Munshi, Joyce Yi-Frazier, Lina Merjaneh, Davene Wright, Beth Loots, Natalie Beauregard, Sue Kearns, Mary Klingsheim, Michael Pascual, Carla Greenbaum, Giuseppina Imperatore, Sharon H Saydah, Barbara Linder, Santica M Marcovina, Vinod P Gaur, Greg Strylewicz, Jessica Harting, Ralph D’Agostino Jr, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Ronny Bell, Jasmin Divers, Timothy Morgan, Beth Reboussin, Leora Henkin, Maureen T Goldstein, Carrie Williams, Scott Isom, Jeanette Stafford, June Pierce
Abstract
Background: Diagnoses of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youths present a substantial clinical and public health burden. The prevalence of these diseases increased in the 2001-2009 period, but data on recent incidence trends are lacking.
Methods: We ascertained cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus at five study centers in the United States. Denominators (4.9 million youths annually) were obtained from the U.S. Census or health-plan member counts. After the calculation of annual incidence rates for the 2002-2012 period, we analyzed trends using generalized autoregressive moving-average models with 2-year moving averages.
Results: A total of 11,245 youths with type 1 diabetes (0 to 19 years of age) and 2846 with type 2 diabetes (10 to 19 years of age) were identified. Overall unadjusted estimated incidence rates of type 1 diabetes increased by 1.4% annually (from 19.5 cases per 100,000 youths per year in 2002-2003 to 21.7 cases per 100,000 youths per year in 2011-2012, P=0.03). In adjusted pairwise comparisons, the annual rate of increase was greater among Hispanics than among non-Hispanic whites (4.2% vs. 1.2%, P<0.001). Overall unadjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes increased by 7.1% annually (from 9.0 cases per 100,000 youths per year in 2002-2003 to 12.5 cases per 100,000 youths per year in 2011-2012, P<0.001 for trend across race or ethnic group, sex, and age subgroups). Adjusted pairwise comparisons showed that the relative annual increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes among non-Hispanic whites (0.6%) was lower than that among non-Hispanic blacks, Asians or Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans (P<0.05 for all comparisons) and that the annual rate of increase among Hispanics differed significantly from that among Native Americans (3.1% vs. 8.9%, P=0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, and race or ethnic group, the relative annual increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was 1.8% (P<0.001) and that of type 2 diabetes was 4.8% (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The incidences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths increased significantly in the 2002-2012 period, particularly among youths of minority racial and ethnic groups. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
Conflict of interest statement
Dr. Marcovina reports receiving consulting fees from Denka-Saiken and MedTest DX. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
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Source: PubMed