The Comparison of Adipose Stem Cell and Placental Stem Cell in Secretion Characteristics and in Facial Antiaging

Yan Xu, Shilei Guo, Cui Wei, Honglan Li, Lei Chen, Chang Yin, Chuansen Zhang, Yan Xu, Shilei Guo, Cui Wei, Honglan Li, Lei Chen, Chang Yin, Chuansen Zhang

Abstract

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly used seed cells in biomedical research and tissue engineering. Their secretory proteins have also been proven to play an important role in tissue healing. Methods. We isolated adipose stem cells and placental stem cells and performed analysis examining characteristics. The secretory proteins were extracted from conditioned medium and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. The antiaging effect of conditioned mediums was evaluated by the results of facial skin application. Results. Adipose stem cells and placental stem cells were found to be very similar in their surface markers and multipotency. The specific proteins secreted from adipose stem cells were more adept at cell adhesion, migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, while the proteins secreted by placental stem cells were more adept at angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, immunomodulation, and collagen degradation. While these two types of conditioned medium could improve the facial index, the improvement of Melanin index after injection of the adipose stem cell conditioned medium was much more significant. Conclusion. The results suggest that the secreted proteins are ideal cell-free substances for regeneration medicine, especially in the antiaging field.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characterization of adipose stem cells and placenta stem cells. Both cells showed typical fibroblast-like morphology at passage 1 (a1, c1) and passage 3 (a2, c2). The flow cytometry analysis confirmed that adipose stem cells express CD29 (99.88%, b1) and CD90 (52.9%, b4) but do not express CD34 (0.99%, b2) and CD71 (1.17%, b3); the placenta stem cells express CD29 (99.9%, d1) and CD90 (80.45%, d4) but do not express CD34 (1.29%, d2) and CD71 (1.21%, d3). The FITC (b6, d6) and PE (b5, d5) were performed as blank control. UL refers to upper left quadrant and UR refers to upper right quadrant. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Multipotent differentiation of adipose stem cells and placenta stem cells. After 20 days of induction, the cells were stained with Alizarin Red, Oil Red, and Safranin O. Both kinds of cells could differentiate into osteocytes (a2, d2), adipocytes (b2, e2), and chondrocytes (c2, f2) successfully. And the uninduced groups were cells without induction as negative control (a1–f1). Scale bar = 50 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Characteristics of secretory proteins. 11 proteins were identified in both ASC-CM and PSC-CM, 11 proteins were specific in PSC-CM, and 10 proteins were in ASC-CM (a). The molecular function information showed that 52.4% of total protein types of ASC-CM were growth factor (b1); 54.5% of PSC-CM was growth factor (b2). The biological process information showed that 19% of total protein types of ASC-CM had angiogenesis function (c1); 22.7% of total protein types of PSC-CM had angiogenesis function (c2).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The analysis of protein-protein interaction of secreted proteins of ASC and PSC. The thickness of line represents the strength of evidence. All proteins could interact with others whether in ASC-CM (a) or PSC-CM (b). The relative active proteins in two kinds of CM were IL6, IL8, MMP-2, TGFB1, VEGFA, IGF-1, and CXCL12 (SDF-1). In ASC-CM, the specific active proteins were CTGF, FN, TIMP-1, and SERPINE-1 (PEDF). And in PSC-CM, the specific active proteins were FGF-2, CCL2, FGF-7, MMP-1, and MMP-9.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Antiaging functions of ASC-CM and PSC-CM in human facial skin. 15 days after injection, all indexes in ASC-CM group were more improved than those in control group (a–e). All indexes except Erythema in PSC-CM group were more improved than control group (b–e). Only the Melanin index in ASC-CM group was significantly lower than PSC-CM group (b).

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