Evaluation of a large-scale donation of Lifebox pulse oximeters to non-physician anaesthetists in Uganda

L C Finch, R Y Kim, S Ttendo, J K Kiwanuka, I A Walker, I H Wilson, T G Weiser, W R Berry, A A Gawande, L C Finch, R Y Kim, S Ttendo, J K Kiwanuka, I A Walker, I H Wilson, T G Weiser, W R Berry, A A Gawande

Abstract

Pulse oximetry is widely accepted as essential monitoring for safe anaesthesia, yet is frequently unavailable in resource-limited settings. The Lifebox pulse oximeter, and associated management training programme, was delivered to 79 non-physician anaesthetists attending the 2011 Uganda Society of Anaesthesia Annual Conference. Using a standardised assessment, recipients were tested for their knowledge of oximetry use and hypoxia management before, immediately following and 3-5 months after the training. Before the course, the median (IQR [range]) test score for the anaesthetists was 36 (34-39 [26-44]) out of a maximum of 50 points. Immediately following the course, the test score increased to 41 (38-43 [25-47]); p < 0.0001 and at the follow-up visit at 3-5 months it was 41 (39-44 [33-49]); p = 0.001 compared with immediate post-training test scores, and 75/79 (95%) oximeters were in routine clinical use. This method of introduction resulted in a high rate of uptake of oximeters into clinical practice and a demonstrable retention of knowledge in a resource-limited setting.

© 2014 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.

References

    1. Pierce EC. 40 Years behind the mask: safety revisited. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:965–75.
    1. Beecher HK, Todd DP. A study of the deaths associated with anesthesia and surgery: based on a study of 599,548 anesthesias in ten institutions 1948–1952, inclusive. Annals of Surgery. 1954;140:2–35.
    1. Lienhart A, Auroy Y, Péquignot F, et al. Survey of anesthesia-related mortality in France. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:1087–97.
    1. Glenshaw M, Madzimbamuto F. Anaesthesia associated mortality in a district hospital in Zimbabwe: 1994 to 2001. Central African Journal of Medicine. 2005;51:39–44.
    1. Hansen D, Gausi S, Merikebu M. Anaesthesia in Malawi: complications and death. Tropical Doctor. 2000;30:146–9.
    1. Heywood AJ, Wilson IH, Sinclair JR. Perioperative mortality in Zambia. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1989;71:354–8.
    1. Ouro-Bang’na Maman A, Tomta K, Ahouangbevi S, Chobili M. Deaths associated with anaesthesia in Togo, West Africa. Tropical Doctor. 2005;35:220–2.
    1. Khan M, Khan F. Anesthetic deaths in a developing country. Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. 2007;19:159–72.
    1. Notrica MR, Evans FM, Knowlton LM, Kelly McQueen KA. Rwandan surgical and anesthesia infrastructure: a survey of district hospitals. World Journal of Surgery. 2011;35:1770–80.
    1. Cherian M, Choo S, Wilson I, et al. Building and retaining the neglected anaesthesia health workforce: is it crucial for health systems strengthening through primary health care? Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010;88:637–9.
    1. Kushner AL, Cherian MN, Noel L, Spiegel DA, Groth S, Etienne C. Addressing the millennium development goals from a surgical perspective: essential surgery and anesthesia in 8 low- and middle-income countries. Archives of Surgery. 2010;145:154–9.
    1. Walker IA, Obua A, Mouton F, Ttendo S, Wilson IH. Paediatric surgery and anaesthesia in south-western Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010;88:897–906.
    1. Walker IA, Wilson IH. Anaesthesia in developing countries – a risk for patients. Lancet. 2008;371:968–9.
    1. Hodges SC, Mijumbi C, Okello M, McCormick BA, Walker IA, Wilson IH. Anaesthesia services in developing countries: defining the problems. Anaesthesia. 2007;62:4–11.
    1. Pedersen T, Møller AM, Hovhannisyan K. Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;4:CD002013.
    1. Funk LM, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al. Global operating theatre distribution and pulse oximetry supply: an estimation from reported data. Lancet. 2010;376:1055–61.
    1. Kwok AC, Funk LM, Baltaga R, et al. Implementation of the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist, including introduction of pulse oximetry, in a resource-limited setting. Annals of Surgery. 2013;4:933–9.
    1. World Health Organization. Uganda Country statistics (accessed 17/11/2012)
    1. Kruk ME, Wladis A, Mbembati N, et al. Human resource and funding constraints for essential surgery in district hospitals in Africa: a retrospective cross-sectional survey. PLoS Medicine. 2010;7:e1000242.
    1. Linden AF, Sekidde FS, Galukande M, Knowlton LM, Chackungal S, McQueen KAK. Challenges of surgery in developing countries: a survey of surgical and anesthesia capacity in Uganda’s public hospitals. World Journal of Surgery. 2012;36:1056–65.
    1. Walker IA, Merry AF, Wilson IH, et al. Global oximetry: an international anaesthesia quality improvement project. Anaesthesia. 2009;64:1051–60.
    1. Heimann P, Issakov A, Kwankam S. Guidelines for Health Care Equipment Donations. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2000. (accessed 03/02/2014)
    1. McCormick BA, Eltringham RJ. Anaesthesia equipment for resource-poor environments. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(Suppl 1):54–60.
    1. Perry L, Malkin R. Effectiveness of medical equipment donations to improve health systems: how much medical equipment is broken in the developing world? Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 2011;49:719–22.
    1. Global Pulse Oximetry Project. Background Document. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2008. (accessed 03/02/2014)
    1. Dubowitz G, Breyer K, Lipnick M, et al. Accuracy of the Lifebox pulse oximeter during hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Anaesthesia. 2013;68:1220–3.
    1. Choo S, Perry H, Hesse AAJ, et al. Assessment of capacity for surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia in 17 Ghanaian hospitals using a WHO assessment tool. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2010;15:1109–15.
    1. Petroze RT, Nzayisenga A, Rusanganwa V, Ntakiyiruta G, Calland JF. Comprehensive national analysis of emergency and essential surgical capacity in Rwanda. British Journal of Surgery. 2012;99:436–43.
    1. Galukande M, von Schreeb J, Wladis A, et al. Essential surgery at the district hospital: a retrospective descriptive analysis in three African countries. PLoS Medicine. 2010;7:e1000243.
    1. Ozgediz D, Galukande M, Mabweijano J, et al. The neglect of the global surgical workforce: experience and evidence from Uganda. World Journal of Surgery. 2008;32:1208–15.
    1. Mullally S, Frize M. Survey of clinical engineering effectiveness in developing world hospitals: equipment resources, procurement and donations. Conference Proceedings: Annual International Meeting of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2008;2008:1–4.
    1. Rubinstein A, Pichon-Riviere A, Augustovski F. Development and implementation of health technology assessment in Argentina: two steps forward and one step back. Journal of International Technology of Health Care. 2009;25:260.
    1. Malkin R, Keane A. Evidence-based approach to the maintenance of laboratory and medical equipment in resource-poor settings. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 2010;48:721–6.
    1. Gatrad AR, Gatrad S, Gatrad A. Equipment donation to developing countries. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(Suppl 1):90–5.

Source: PubMed

3
Prenumerera