Dietary Nitrate and Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function in Heart Failure

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) patients suffer from exercise intolerance that diminishes their ability to perform normal activities of daily living and hence compromises their quality of life. This is due largely to detrimental changes in skeletal muscle mass, structure, metabolism, and function. This includes an impairment of muscle contractile performance, i.e., a decline in the maximal force, speed, and power of muscle shortening. Although numerous mechanisms underlie this reduction in contractility, one contributing factor may be a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Consistent with this, recent data demonstrate that acute ingestion of NO3 (-)-rich beetroot juice, a source of NO via the NO synthase-independent enterosalivary pathway, markedly increases maximal muscle speed and power in HF patients. This review discusses the role of muscle contractile dysfunction in the exercise intolerance characteristic of HF, and the evidence that dietary NO3 (-) supplementation may represent a novel and simple therapy for this currently underappreciated problem.

Keywords: Beetroot juice; Dietary nitrate; Heart failure; Muscle power; Muscle speed; Nitric oxide.

Figures

Figure 1

Effect of acute ingestion of 11.2 mmol of nitrate on the maximal speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax) of knee extension in patients with HF due to systolic dysfunction. Placebo; open circles. Nitrate; closed circles. Values are mean ± SD; individual results are also shown. *P=0.08; †P<0.05. Data from Ref. .