How is COVID-19 pandemic impacting mental health of children and adolescents?

Debora Marques de Miranda, Bruno da Silva Athanasio, Ana Cecília Sena Oliveira, Ana Cristina Simoes-E-Silva, Debora Marques de Miranda, Bruno da Silva Athanasio, Ana Cecília Sena Oliveira, Ana Cristina Simoes-E-Silva

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) affected virtually all countries. Uncertain about the health risk and an increasing financial loss will contribute to widespread emotional distress and an increased risk of psychiatric disorders shortly. Posttraumatic, anxiety, and depression disorders are expected during and aftermath of the pandemic. Some groups, like children, have more susceptibility to having long term consequences in mental health. Herein, we made a comprehensive and non-systematic search in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholars) to answer the question: What are children's and adolescents' mental health effects of the pandemic? Furthermore, which features are essential for mental health in a pandemic? Results: Seventy-seven articles were selected for full text read, and 51 were included. Children answer stress differently, depending on the development stage. High rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms were identified among children. Discussion: Symptoms were as expected. New supportive strategies have appeared during this pandemic, but there is no measure of its effectiveness. Some groups seem to be more vulnerable to the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mitigation actions should prioritize them. The school's role appears to be revalued by society. This review seems to pick good targets to prioritize mitigation actions aiming to spare children not only from the severe cases of COVID-19 but also to help them to deal with the mental health burden of the pandemics.

Keywords: Adolescent; Children; Mental health; Pediatric.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Selection of studies flowchart, *Comments, Viewpoints, Position Papers, Letters to the Editor, etc.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Active COVID-19 cases in China from February 22 to June 5, 2020 and surveys dates.

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