Direct and indirect associations between dietary magnesium intake and breast cancer risk

Wu-Qing Huang, Wei-Qing Long, Xiong-Fei Mo, Nai-Qi Zhang, Hong Luo, Fang-Yu Lin, Jing Huang, Cai-Xia Zhang, Wu-Qing Huang, Wei-Qing Long, Xiong-Fei Mo, Nai-Qi Zhang, Hong Luo, Fang-Yu Lin, Jing Huang, Cai-Xia Zhang

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary magnesium intake on breast cancer risk both directly and indirectly via its effect on inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This case-control study recruited 1050 case patients and 1229 control subjects. Inflammatory marker levels of 322 cases and 322 controls, randomly selected, were measured using ELISA, and data on dietary magnesium intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and path analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect. A higher magnesium intake was associated with a lower breast cancer risk (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.99). A positive association was found between the CRP level and breast cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02-2.01). However, IL-6 was not found to be associated with breast cancer risk. Path analysis revealed that dietary magnesium affected breast cancer risk both directly and indirectly by influencing the CRP level. The results indicate that a direct negative association and an indirect association through influencing the CRP level were observed between dietary magnesium intake and breast cancer risk.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of study participants (IL-6, Interleukin-6; CRP, C-reactive protein).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dose–response relationship between magnesium intake and breast cancer risk in Chinese women.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Path model of associations between magnesium and calcium intake, inflammatory marker levels (IL-6 and CRP) and breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Values are estimates of direct effects; *P value < 0.05.

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