The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) Portuguese-Version: Evidence of Reliability, Validity and Invariance Across Gender

Luis Cid, Diogo Monteiro, Diogo Teixeira, Pedro Teques, Susana Alves, João Moutão, Marlene Silva, António Palmeira, Luis Cid, Diogo Monteiro, Diogo Teixeira, Pedro Teques, Susana Alves, João Moutão, Marlene Silva, António Palmeira

Abstract

This study has as prime objective to analyze the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) in a sample of Portuguese exercisers and invariance across gender. Two independent samples (448 calibration; 374 validation), aged between 16 and 78 years (M = 40.29; SD = 16.24), of both gender, (495 female; 327 male) were enrolled in this study. The results show that the original model (six factors; 24 items) did not fit to the data in a satisfactory way (χ2 = 977.49; df = 237; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.07; NNFI = 0.80; CFI = 0.83; RMSEA = 0.08; 90% CI = 0.08-0.09). After removing six items (one for each factor), the model (six factors; 18 items) adjustment improved in a satisfactory way in both samples: calibration (χ2 = 331.86; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.06; NNFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI 0.06-0.07) and validation (χ2 = 254.08; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.04; NNFI = 0.93; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI = 0.05-0.06). Results also showed model invariance across gender (ΔCFI ≤ 0.01). The Portuguese version of BREQ-3 (six factors; 18 items) is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to measure behavior regulation underlying self-determination theory in the exercise domain. However, the evidence also indicated that additional studies are needed to address the fragilities of the original model (six factors; 24 items).

Keywords: exercise; motivation; multi-group analysis; self-determination; self-regulation.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Standardized individual parameters (covariance factors, factorial weights and measurement errors), all of which were significant in the measurement model (BREQ-3 – six factors and 24 items) for the calibration sample initial model.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Standardized individual parameters (covariance factors, factorial weights and measurement errors), all of which were significant in the measurement model (BREQ-3 – six factors and 18 items) for the calibration sample final model.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Standardized individual parameters (covariance factors, factorial weights and measurement errors), all of which were significant in the measurement model (BREQ-3 – six factors and 18 items) for the validation sample final model.

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