Caries experience in a child population in a deprived area of Brazil, using ICDAS II

Rodrigo Guedes de Amorim, Maria José Figueiredo, Soraya Coelho Leal, Jan Mulder, Jo E Frencken, Rodrigo Guedes de Amorim, Maria José Figueiredo, Soraya Coelho Leal, Jan Mulder, Jo E Frencken

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the caries experience of children aged 6 to 7 years old in a socially deprived suburban area of Brazil's Federal District, using the ICDAS II system and to investigate determinants of dental caries. The survey was carried out in six public schools by three calibrated examiners, on a sample of 835 children. ICDAS II codes had to be converted into dmf/DMF components at surface and tooth levels, resulting in unfamiliar caries variables, to enable some meaningful reporting of the findings. The prevalence of dental caries, including enamel and dentinal carious lesions, in primary teeth was 95.6% and in permanent teeth it was 63.7%. Mean values of d(2)mf(2)-t (enamel and dentinal lesions), d(3)mf(3)-t (dentine lesions), D(2)MF(2)-T and D(3)MF(3)-T indices were 6.9 ± 3.8, 3.2 ± 3.4, 1.7 ± 1.6 and 0.2 ± 0.5, respectively. Enamel carious lesions predominated in the dmf-t/s and DMF-T/S indices. Seven-year-old children had statistically significantly more enamel and dentine carious lesions in permanent teeth than 6-year-old children had. Using ICDAS II, the prevalence of dental caries in both dentitions was very high. In both dentitions, the decay component predominated, with hardly any restorations or extractions observed. The new ICDAS II system leads to overvaluation of the seriousness of dental caries experience and made reporting of outcomes cumbersome. Guidelines on analysing data and reporting results should be agreed upon before this system can be used in epidemiological surveys globally.

References

    1. Holst D. Causes and prevention of dental caries: a perspective on cases and incidence. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2005;3:9–14.
    1. Booth ML, Samdal O. Health-promoting schools in Australia: models and measurement. Aust NZ J Public Health. 1997;21:365–370. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01716.x.
    1. Kwan SYL, Petersen PE, Pine CM, Borutta A. Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bulletin WHO. 2005;83:677–685.
    1. Sheiham A. The role of dental team in promoting dental health and general health trough oral health. Int Dent J. 1992;42:223–228.
    1. Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, Pitts NB. Reliability of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35:170–178. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x.
    1. Jablonski-Momeni A, Stachniss V, Ricketts DN, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Pieper K. Reproducibility and accuracy of the ICDAS-II for detection of occlusal caries in vitro. Caries Res. 2008;42:79–87. doi: 10.1159/000113160.
    1. Kuhnisch J, Berger S, Goddon I, Senkel H, Pitts N, Heinrich-Weltzien R. Occlusal caries detection in permanent molars according to WHO basic methods, ICDAS II and laser fluorescence measurements. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36:475–484. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2008.00436.x.
    1. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM. For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:400–409. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00259.x.
    1. Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito Federal (Codeplan) Distrito federal—Síntese de Informações Socioeconômicas. Brasília: Codeplan; 2008. p. 89.
    1. Topping GVA, Hally JD, Bonner BC, Pitts NB. Training for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II): CD-room and web-based educational software. London: Smile-on; 2008.
    1. Alaluusua S, Malmivirta R. Early plaque accumulation—a sign for caries risk in young children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994;22:273–276. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb02049.x.
    1. Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25:229–235.
    1. Symons AL, Chu CY, Meyers IA. The effect of fissure morphology and pretreatment of the enamel surface on penetration and adhesion of fissure sealants. J Oral Rehabil. 1996;23:791–798. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1996.d01-202.x.
    1. Monse B, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Benzian H, Holmgren C, van Palenstein HW. PUFA—an index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38:77–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00514.x.
    1. Bödecker CF. The modified dental caries index. J Am Dent Assoc. 1939;26:1453–1460.
    1. ICDAS Coordinating Committee (2009) Criteria manual, revised in December and July 2009. ICDAS website
    1. Ekstrand KR, Kuzmina I, Bjorndal L, Thylstrup A. Relationship between external and histologic features of progressive stages of caries in the occlusal fossa. Caries Res. 1995;29:243–250. doi: 10.1159/000262076.
    1. Longbottom C, Ekstrand K, Zero D. Traditional preventive treatment options. Monogr Oral Sci. 2009;21:149–155. doi: 10.1159/000224219.
    1. Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Willem JM, Betz J, Lepkowski J. Risk indicators for dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36:55–68.
    1. Sohn W, Ismail A, Amaya A, Lepkowski J. Determinants of dental care visits among low-income African-American children. J Amer Dent Assoc. 2007;138:309–318.
    1. Agustsdottir H, Gudmundsdottir H, Eggertsson H, Jonsson SH, Gudlaugsson JO, Saemundsson SR, Eliasson ST, Arnadottir IB, Holbrook WP. Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38:299–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00538.x.
    1. Braga MM, Oliveira LB, Bonini GA, Bönecker M, Mendes FM. Feasibility of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) in epidemiological surveys and comparability with standard World Health Organization criteria. Caries Res. 2009;43:245–249. doi: 10.1159/000217855.
    1. Harris R, Nicoll AD, Adair PM, Pine CM. Risk factors for dental caries in young children: a systematic review of the literature. Community Dent Health. 2004;21:71–85.
    1. Christensen LB, Twetman S, Sundby A. Oral health in children and adolescents with different socio-cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Acta Odontol Scand. 2010;68:34–42. doi: 10.3109/00016350903301712.
    1. Reisine S, Tellez M, Willem J, Sohn W, Ismail A. Relationship between caregiver’s and child’s caries relevance among disadvantaged African Americans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36:191–200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00392.x.
    1. Cook SL, Martinez-Mier EA, Dean JA, Weddell JA, Sanders BJ, Eggertsson H, Ofner S, Yoder K. Dental caries experience and association to risk indicators of remote rural populations. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:275–283. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00889.x.
    1. Cadavid AS, Lince CM, Jaramillo MC. Dental caries in the primary dentition of a Colombian population according to the ICDAS criteria. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24:211–216. doi: 10.1590/S1806-83242010000200014.
    1. Anttonen V, Seppä L, Hausen H. A follow-up study of the use of DIAGNOdent for monitoring fissure caries in children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(4):312–318. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00168.x.
    1. Traebert JL, Peres MA, Galesso ER, Zabot NE, Marcenes W. Prevalence and severity of dental caries among schoolchildren aged six and twelve. Rev Saúde Pública. 2001;35:283–288. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102001000300011.
    1. Cypriano S, de Sousa ML, Rihs LB, Wada RS. Oral health among preschool children in Brazil, 1999. Rev Saúde Pública. 2003;37:247–253. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102003000200014.
    1. Moura LF, Moura MS, de Toledo OA. Dental caries in children that participated in a dental program providing mother and child care. J Appl Oral Sci. 2006;14:53–60. doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572006000100011.
    1. Projeto SB Brasil 2003: condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira 2002–2003: resultados principais. Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Atenção Básica—Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2004
    1. WHO. FDI Global goals for oral health in the year 2000. Int Dent J. 1982;32:74–77.
    1. Lukacs JR. Sex differences in dental caries experience: clinical evidence, complex etiology. Clin Oral Investig: DOI; 2010.
    1. Carvalho JC, Ekstrand KR, Thylstrup A. Dental plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in relation to stage of eruption. J Dent Res. 1989;68:773–779. doi: 10.1177/00220345890680050401.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer och medarbetare

Medicinska tillstånd

Läkemedelsinterventioner

3
Prenumerera