Efficacy of fewer than three doses of an HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: combined analysis of data from the Costa Rica Vaccine and PATRICIA Trials
Aimée R Kreimer, Frank Struyf, Maria Rowena Del Rosario-Raymundo, Allan Hildesheim, S Rachel Skinner, Sholom Wacholder, Suzanne M Garland, Rolando Herrero, Marie-Pierre David, Cosette M Wheeler, Costa Rica Vaccine Trial Study Group Authors, Paula González, Silvia Jiménez, Douglas R Lowy, Ligia A Pinto, Caroline Porras, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Mahboobeh Safaeian, Mark Schiffman, John T Schiller, John Schussler, Mark E Sherman, PATRICIA Study Group Authors, F Xavier Bosch, Xavier Castellsague, Archana Chatterjee, Song-Nan Chow, Dominique Descamps, Francisco Diaz-Mitoma, Gary Dubin, Maria Julieta Germar, Diane M Harper, David J M Lewis, Genara Limson, Paulo Naud, Klaus Peters, Willy A J Poppe, Brian Ramjattan, Barbara Romanowski, Jorge Salmeron, Tino F Schwarz, Julio C Teixeira, Wiebren A A Tjalma, HPV PATRICIA Principal Investigators/Co-Principal Investigator Collaborators, GSK Vaccines Clinical Study Support Group, S M Garland, A Mindel, S R Skinner, P De Sutter, W A J Poppe, W A A Tjalma, N S De Carvalho, P Naud, J C Teixeira, F Y Aoki, F Diaz-Mitoma, L Ferguson, M Miller, K Papp, B Ramjattan, B Romanowski, P H Orr, D Apter, T Karppa, N Kudjoi, M Lehtinen, K Lönnberg, J Palmroth, J Paavonen, T Petaja, L Tuomivaara, T Gent, T Grubert, W D Höpker, K Peters, K Schulze, T F Schwarz, R Waddell, J Salmerón, C Crisostomo, M R Del Rosario-Raymundo, J E Raymundo, M J Germar, G Limson, G Villanueva, J D Zamora, J Bajo-Arenas, J Bayas, M Campins, X Castellsagué, M Castro, C Centeno, M L Rodríguez de la Pinta, A Torné, J A Vidart, S N Chow, M H Yu, M Cruickshank, E A Hakim, D Lewis, A Szarewski, R Ackerman, M Caldwell, C Chambers, A Chatterjee, L DeMars, P Fine, W Huh, T Klein, J Lalezari, L Leeman, S Luber, M Martens, C Peterson, J Rosen, L Seidman, R Sperling, M Stager, J Stapleton, A Waldbaum, C M Wheeler, B Colau, S Genevrois, N Martens, N Houard, S Poncelet, C Provenzano, A Tonglet, C Van Hoof, D Descamps, K Hardt, V Xhenseval, T Zahaf, E Alt, B Iskaros, A Limaye, R D Luff, M McNeeley, B Winkler, A Molijn, W Quint, L Struijk, M Van de Sandt, L J Van Doorn, K P Klugman, P Nieminen, C Bergeron, E Eisenstein, R Karron, R Marks, T Nolan, S K Tay, Aimée R Kreimer, Frank Struyf, Maria Rowena Del Rosario-Raymundo, Allan Hildesheim, S Rachel Skinner, Sholom Wacholder, Suzanne M Garland, Rolando Herrero, Marie-Pierre David, Cosette M Wheeler, Costa Rica Vaccine Trial Study Group Authors, Paula González, Silvia Jiménez, Douglas R Lowy, Ligia A Pinto, Caroline Porras, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Mahboobeh Safaeian, Mark Schiffman, John T Schiller, John Schussler, Mark E Sherman, PATRICIA Study Group Authors, F Xavier Bosch, Xavier Castellsague, Archana Chatterjee, Song-Nan Chow, Dominique Descamps, Francisco Diaz-Mitoma, Gary Dubin, Maria Julieta Germar, Diane M Harper, David J M Lewis, Genara Limson, Paulo Naud, Klaus Peters, Willy A J Poppe, Brian Ramjattan, Barbara Romanowski, Jorge Salmeron, Tino F Schwarz, Julio C Teixeira, Wiebren A A Tjalma, HPV PATRICIA Principal Investigators/Co-Principal Investigator Collaborators, GSK Vaccines Clinical Study Support Group, S M Garland, A Mindel, S R Skinner, P De Sutter, W A J Poppe, W A A Tjalma, N S De Carvalho, P Naud, J C Teixeira, F Y Aoki, F Diaz-Mitoma, L Ferguson, M Miller, K Papp, B Ramjattan, B Romanowski, P H Orr, D Apter, T Karppa, N Kudjoi, M Lehtinen, K Lönnberg, J Palmroth, J Paavonen, T Petaja, L Tuomivaara, T Gent, T Grubert, W D Höpker, K Peters, K Schulze, T F Schwarz, R Waddell, J Salmerón, C Crisostomo, M R Del Rosario-Raymundo, J E Raymundo, M J Germar, G Limson, G Villanueva, J D Zamora, J Bajo-Arenas, J Bayas, M Campins, X Castellsagué, M Castro, C Centeno, M L Rodríguez de la Pinta, A Torné, J A Vidart, S N Chow, M H Yu, M Cruickshank, E A Hakim, D Lewis, A Szarewski, R Ackerman, M Caldwell, C Chambers, A Chatterjee, L DeMars, P Fine, W Huh, T Klein, J Lalezari, L Leeman, S Luber, M Martens, C Peterson, J Rosen, L Seidman, R Sperling, M Stager, J Stapleton, A Waldbaum, C M Wheeler, B Colau, S Genevrois, N Martens, N Houard, S Poncelet, C Provenzano, A Tonglet, C Van Hoof, D Descamps, K Hardt, V Xhenseval, T Zahaf, E Alt, B Iskaros, A Limaye, R D Luff, M McNeeley, B Winkler, A Molijn, W Quint, L Struijk, M Van de Sandt, L J Van Doorn, K P Klugman, P Nieminen, C Bergeron, E Eisenstein, R Karron, R Marks, T Nolan, S K Tay
Abstract
Background: There is some evidence to suggest that one or two doses of the HPV vaccine provides similar protection to the three-dose regimen. The main aim of the study was to ascertain HPV-16/18 vaccine efficacy in both full and naive cohorts and to explore protection conferred against non-vaccine HPV types, by number of doses received.
Methods: Summary data from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT; NCT00128661) and ~the PATRICIA trial (NCT001226810), two phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trials of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in young women, were combined in a post-hoc analysis (GlaxoSmithKline [GSK] e-track number 202142) to investigate the efficacy of fewer than three doses of the HPV-16/18 vaccine after 4 years of follow-up. Women were randomly assigned to receive three doses of the HPV-16/18 vaccine or to a control vaccine; yet, some received fewer doses. After exclusion of women with less than 12 months of follow-up or those who were HPV-16/18 DNA-positive at enrolment (for the HPV-16/18 endpoint), we calculated vaccine efficacy against one-time detection of incident HPV infections after three, two, and one dose(s). The primary study endpoint was one-time detection of first incident HPV-16/18 infections accumulated during the follow-up phase.
Findings: We assessed vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infection in the modified total vaccinated cohort (22 327 received three doses, 1185 two doses, 543 one dose). Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infections for three doses was 77·0% (95% CI 74·7-79·1), two doses was 76·0% (62·0-85·3), and one dose was 85·7% (70·7-93·7). Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-31/33/45 infections for three doses was 59·7% (56·0-63·0), two doses was 37·7% (12·4-55·9), and one dose was 36·6% (-5·4 to 62·2). Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infection for two-dose women who received their second dose at 1 month was 75·3% (54·2-87·5) and 82·6% (42·3-96·1) for those who received the second dose at 6 months (CVT data only). Vaccine efficacy against HPV-31/33/45 for two-dose women who received their second dose at 6 months (68·1%, 27·0-87·0; CVT data only), but not those receiving it at one month (10·1%, -42·0 to 43·3), was similar to the three-dose group.
Interpretation: 4 years after vaccination of women aged 15-25 years, one and two doses of the HPV-16/18 vaccine seem to protect against cervical HPV-16/18 infections, similar to the protection provided by the three-dose schedule. Two doses separated by 6 months additionally provided some cross-protection. These data argue for a direct assessment of one-dose efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine.
Funding: US National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health, and Ministry of Health of Costa Rica (CVT); GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (PATRICIA).
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Source: PubMed