The importance of measuring toothpaste abrasivity in both a quantitative and qualitative way

Gunnar Johannsen, Georg Tellefsen, Annsofi Johannsen, Anders Liljeborg, Gunnar Johannsen, Georg Tellefsen, Annsofi Johannsen, Anders Liljeborg

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the relative abrasivity of different toothpastes and polishing pastes both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Materials and methods: Acrylic plates were exposed to brushing in a brushing machine with a toothpaste/water slurry for 1 and 6 h. Twelve different toothpastes were used and also four different polishing pastes. The results were evaluated using a profilometer after 1 and 6 h of brushing (corresponding to 2000 and 12 000 double strokes, respectively). A surface roughness value (Ra-value) and also a volume loss value were calculated from the profilometer measurements. These values were then correlated to each other. An unpaired t-test for the difference in the abrasion values between the toothpastes and the abrasion values over time was used.

Results: The polishing paste RDA® 170 yielded higher Ra-values than RDA 250®, both after 1 and 6 h of brushing (1.01 ± 0.22 and 8.99 ± 1.55 compared to 0.63 ± 0.26 and 7.83 ± 5.89, respectively) as well as volume loss values (3.71 ± 0.17 and 20.20 ± 2.41 compared to 2.15 ± 1.41 and 14.79 ± 11.76, respectively), thus poor correlations between the RDA and Ra and Volume loss values were shown. Among the toothpastes, Apotekets® showed the highest Ra value after 1 h of brushing and Pepsodent® whitening after 6 h of brushing. Pepsodent® whitening also showed the highest volume loss values, both after 1 and 6 h of brushing.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of not only considering the RDA value, but also a roughness value, when describing the abrasivity of a toothpaste. Furthermore, it can be concluded that so called 'whitening' toothpastes do not necessarily have a higher abrasive effect than other toothpastes.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
RDA values vs Ra (roughness average) for brushing both at 1 and 6 h. Correlation coefficient is 0.45 (equal the square root of the regression coefficient, R2, shown in the diagram).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
RDA values vs volume for brushing both at 1 and 6 h. Correlation coefficient is 0.51.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Volume vs Ra (roughness average) for brushing both at 1 and 6 h. Correlation coefficient is 0.98.

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