An Optical Method for the In-Vivo Characterization of the Biomechanical Response of the Right Ventricle

A Soltani, J Lahti, K Järvelä, S Curtze, J Laurikka, M Hokka, V-T Kuokkala, A Soltani, J Lahti, K Järvelä, S Curtze, J Laurikka, M Hokka, V-T Kuokkala

Abstract

The intraoperative in-vivo mechanical function of the left ventricle has been studied thoroughly using echocardiography in the past. However, due to technical and anatomical issues, the ultrasound technology cannot easily be focused on the right side of the heart during open-heart surgery, and the function of the right ventricle during the intervention remains largely unexplored. We used optical imaging and digital image correlation for the characterization of the right ventricle motion and deformation during open-heart surgery. This work is a pilot study focusing on one patient only with the aim of establishing the framework for long term research. These experiments show that optical imaging and the analysis of the images can be used to obtain similar parameters, and partly at higher accuracy, for describing the mechanical functioning of the heart as the ultrasound technology. This work describes the optical imaging based method to characterize the mechanical response of the heart in-vivo, and offers new insight into the mechanical function of the right ventricle.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Picture of the DIC setup installed in the surgery room, (b) Schematic picture of the DIC setup.
Figure 2
Figure 2
An example of the pattern applied by the surgeons during the surgery using a non-toxic sterile marker.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Original image from the heart overlain with displacement vectors and the vector length indicated by the colors. The black rectangle indicates where the average of the vector components, strain rate, principal strains, and tissue velocity were obtained from, and the red line shows the direction and length of the virtual extensometer used for extracting the data for fractional shortening (b) Displacement color heat maps for early systole stage (c) Displacement color heat maps for end diastole stage.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The length of the displacement vector and the components of the displacement vector obtained from the DIC analysis and the standard deviation error bars for each point.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Average maximum and minimum principal strains obtained from the DIC analysis and the standard deviation error bars for each point.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Tissue velocity values calculated from the vector length and interframe time and the standard deviation error bars for each point.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Tissue velocity calculated using DIC and the standard deviation error bars for each point.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Fractional shortening obtained from the DIC analysis.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Strain rate extracted by DIC b) Strain extracted by DIC.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Horizontal and longitudinal strains as a function of time obtained by DIC.

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