Rapid and Sensitive Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Using Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay

Zhenhua Chen, Zhigao Zhang, Xiangming Zhai, Yongyin Li, Li Lin, Hui Zhao, Lun Bian, Peng Li, Lei Yu, Yingsong Wu, Guanfeng Lin, Zhenhua Chen, Zhigao Zhang, Xiangming Zhai, Yongyin Li, Li Lin, Hui Zhao, Lun Bian, Peng Li, Lei Yu, Yingsong Wu, Guanfeng Lin

Abstract

The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenge for hospital laboratories because of the huge number of samples that must be tested for the presence of the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Simple and rapid immunodiagnostic methods are urgently needed to identify positive cases. Here we report the development of a rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) that uses lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (LNPs) to detect anti-SARV-CoV-2 IgG in human serum. A recombinant nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 was dispensed onto a nitrocellulose membrane to capture specific IgG. Mouse anti-human IgG antibody was labeled with self-assembled LNPs that served as a fluorescent reporter. A 100-μL aliquot of serum samples (1:1000 dilution) was used for this assay and the whole detection process took 10 min. The results of the validation experiment met the requirements for clinical diagnostic reagents. A value of 0.0666 was defined as the cutoff value by assaying 51 normal samples. We tested 7 samples that were positive by reverse-transcription (RT-)PCR and 12 that were negative but clinically suspicious for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. One of the negative samples was determined to be SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive, while the results for the other samples were consistent with those obtained by RT-PCR. Thus, this assay can achieve rapid and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in human serum and allow positive identification in suspicious cases; it can also be useful for monitoring the progression COVID-19 and evaluating patients' response to treatment.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Design and fabrication of the developed assay. (A) Lateral flow test strip. (B) Assay.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Physical properties of LNPs and functionalized LNP probe: (A) absorption and emission spectra, (B) size distribution of naked and conjugated LNPs, and (C) zeta potential distribution.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Optimization of immunoreaction time.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Test results for 58 serum samples, including 51 normal and 7 positive samples. [Symbol legend: (*) P< 0.05, (****) P < 0.0001 (one-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference test).]

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