A randomized trial of near versus distance activities while patching for amblyopia in children aged 3 to less than 7 years
Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Nicholas A Sala, Rhonda M Hodde, Veda L Zeto, Benjamin H Whitling, Cindy E Tanner, Darren L Hoover, Pamela A Huston, Christine J Deifel, Jody L Parker, Barbara R Fuchs, Joan M Addison, Pamela M Racan, Stephen R Glaser, Jenifer Ann Aventuro Luck, Allison A Jensen, Paige E Glaser, Cera E Mattingly, Christen Y Addison, Tess E Gumbin, Jill R Mason, Andrea M Matazinski, Donny W Suh, Marilee McNeece, Bethany Madsen, Ashley D Andreassen, Shannon L Craig, Rhonda J Swisher, Lisa M Fergus, Deborah L Klimek, Marcia L Ford, Bounthavy Lisa Greenlee, Lisa L Winter, Diana K Brandon, Dave H Lee, Nieca D Caltrider, Kelly A Martinez, Maria M Busemeyer, Colleen M Schwanz, Susanna M Tamkins, Adam S Perlman, Ana C Rosa, Eva M Olivares, Mirna Garcia, Bruce D Bailey, Garnet Yokoi, Effie Lilas, Gloria Chow, Lesley L Bursey, Sarah E Hill, Sidet S Sou, Robert W Arnold, Mary Diane Armitage, Nancy H Brusseau, Katherine A Lee, Bonita R Schweinler, Larry W Plum, Robert P Rutstein, Katherine K Weise, Wendy L Marsh-Tootle, Michelle L Anderson, Marcela Frazier, Kristine B Hopkins, Michael P Hill, Jessica M Walk, Ingryd J Lorenzana, Nadine M Girgis, Elva R Banuelos, Samira A Jimenez, David R Stager, Mary K Alters, Joost Felius, June M Gartlir, Susan A Cotter, Raymond H Chu, Carmen N Barnhardt, Susan M Shin, Kristine Huang, Erin Song, Monique M Nguyen, Sue M Parker, Allison H Park, David I Silbert, Noelle S Matta, Darlene R Crick, Diane M Jostes, Cristina M Corradino, Tonji L Nelson, Michelle M Lindsey, Laura Heisey, Kristin K Anderson, Erin R Nosel, Sean M Skierczynski, Lindsay C Moran, Hani Ghazi Birry, Christopher W Lievens, Earl R Crouch, Eric R Crouch 3rd, Gaylord G Ventura, Kristen D Ruark, Andrew J Levada, Cheryl Schleif, Christina Brassett, Tabitha L Walker, Shelley K Weiss, LeAnne J Ingala, Gina Silva, Nicole G Rannazzisi, Marybeth Ingala, MaryJane J Abrams, Lisa A Marcil, Todd A Goldblum, Antoinette Ramirez, Angela Alfaro, Frances Jaramillo, Laura B Enyedi, David K Wallace, Sharon F Freedman, Sarah K Jones, Cassandra W Headen, Melinda K Robinson, Courtney E Fuller, Scott Atkinson, Pearlena K Hamlet, Crystal L Trythall, Angela B Hendrickson, Diane L Tucker, Laurie A Slaby, Tamara M Roman, Crystal C Samstag, Joan Therese Roberts, Marguerite J Sullivan, Lynelle Gregory Perez, Marjean T Kulp, Freda D Dallas, Andrew J Toole, Michael J Earley, Helen A Stuntebeck, Priscilla M Berry, Mary K Alters, Joost Felius, June M Gartlir, James B Ruben, Dipti Desai, Sue Ann Parrish, E J Bennett, David Alan Johnson, Kellie Drake, Jennifer B Beck, Kelly L Moulton, John P Donahue, Mary E Silvia, Deborah P Branco, Yin C Tea, Marc B Taub, Deborah M Amster, Annette Bade, Patrick J Droste, Robert J Peters, Jan Hilbrands, Jennifer L Mooney, Misha K Mennega, Don D Blackburn, Marina A Sarnecky, Adam J Wahlig, Mitchell Brent Strominger, Nicole B Quinn, Noopur N Agarwal-Batra, Yi Pang, Christine L Allison, Sandra S Block, Geoffrey W Goodfellow, Colleen M Morrissey, Yasmin S Bradfield, Barbara H Soderling, Gail V Morton, Kristin A Anderson, Jacque W Shimko, C Gail Summers, Erick D Bothun, Ann M Holleschau, Sara J Downes, Kim S Merrill, Kathy M Hogue, Michael X Repka, Xiaonong Liu, Carole R Goodman, Dean J Bonsall, Corey S Bowman, Jennefier L Duncan, Debbie L Lipps, Richard London, James J Kundart, Jayne L Silver, Cheryl L Bruce, Randall J McClellan, Daniel M Laby, Ricky Laby, Don W Lyon, Kathryn Gray, Mitchell M Scheiman, Karen E Pollack, David T Wheeler, Kimberley A Beaudet, Jonathan M Holmes, Rebecca A Nielsen, Jan M Sease, Virginia Karlsson, Deborah K Miller, Charles R Whitfill, Ruth D Dannar, Amy Melissa Wheeler, Lisa C Verderber, JoAnn Spieker, Sarah Ahn, Roy W Beck, Eileen E Birch, Susan A Cotter, Sean Donahue, Allison R Edwards, Donald F Everett, Stephen R Glaser, Richard W Hertle, Michael Hill, Rhonda Hodde, Jonathan M Holmes, Pamela Huston, Deborah L Klimek, Don W Lyon, Graham Quinn, Michael X Repka, Robert Rutstein, Nicholas Sala, Mitchell M Scheiman, David K Wallace, David R Weakley, Roy W Beck, Brian D Becker, Gladys N Bernett, Nicole M Boyle, Christina M Cagnina-Morales, Debora A Cagnina, Esmeralda L Cardosa, Danielle L Chandler, Laura E Clark, Sharon R Constantine, Katrina L Dawson, Quayleen Donahue, Mitchell Dupre, Allison R Edwards, Kyle L Baccus Horsley, Heidi A Gillespie, Raymond T Kraker, Stephanie V Lee, Lee Anne Lester, Shelly T Mares, Holly McCombs, B Michele Melia, Pamela S Moke, Stephanie Morgan-Bagley, Jim L Pyner, Diana E Rojas, Sydney L Shrader, Samara F Strauber, Heidi J Strayer, Dana Williams, Donald F Everett, Roy W Beck, Eileen E Birch, Stephen P Christiansen, Susan A Cotter, Sean Donahue, Donald F Everett, Jonathan M Holmes, Darren Hoover, Pamela Huston, Raymond T Kraker, Michael X Repka, Nicholas Sala, Mitchell M Scheiman, David K Wallace, William Barlow, Edward G Buckley, Barry Davis, Marie Diener-West, Velma Dobson, Donald Everett, Stephen Poff, Dave L Phelps, Richard Saunders, Lawrence Tychsen, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Nicholas A Sala, Rhonda M Hodde, Veda L Zeto, Benjamin H Whitling, Cindy E Tanner, Darren L Hoover, Pamela A Huston, Christine J Deifel, Jody L Parker, Barbara R Fuchs, Joan M Addison, Pamela M Racan, Stephen R Glaser, Jenifer Ann Aventuro Luck, Allison A Jensen, Paige E Glaser, Cera E Mattingly, Christen Y Addison, Tess E Gumbin, Jill R Mason, Andrea M Matazinski, Donny W Suh, Marilee McNeece, Bethany Madsen, Ashley D Andreassen, Shannon L Craig, Rhonda J Swisher, Lisa M Fergus, Deborah L Klimek, Marcia L Ford, Bounthavy Lisa Greenlee, Lisa L Winter, Diana K Brandon, Dave H Lee, Nieca D Caltrider, Kelly A Martinez, Maria M Busemeyer, Colleen M Schwanz, Susanna M Tamkins, Adam S Perlman, Ana C Rosa, Eva M Olivares, Mirna Garcia, Bruce D Bailey, Garnet Yokoi, Effie Lilas, Gloria Chow, Lesley L Bursey, Sarah E Hill, Sidet S Sou, Robert W Arnold, Mary Diane Armitage, Nancy H Brusseau, Katherine A Lee, Bonita R Schweinler, Larry W Plum, Robert P Rutstein, Katherine K Weise, Wendy L Marsh-Tootle, Michelle L Anderson, Marcela Frazier, Kristine B Hopkins, Michael P Hill, Jessica M Walk, Ingryd J Lorenzana, Nadine M Girgis, Elva R Banuelos, Samira A Jimenez, David R Stager, Mary K Alters, Joost Felius, June M Gartlir, Susan A Cotter, Raymond H Chu, Carmen N Barnhardt, Susan M Shin, Kristine Huang, Erin Song, Monique M Nguyen, Sue M Parker, Allison H Park, David I Silbert, Noelle S Matta, Darlene R Crick, Diane M Jostes, Cristina M Corradino, Tonji L Nelson, Michelle M Lindsey, Laura Heisey, Kristin K Anderson, Erin R Nosel, Sean M Skierczynski, Lindsay C Moran, Hani Ghazi Birry, Christopher W Lievens, Earl R Crouch, Eric R Crouch 3rd, Gaylord G Ventura, Kristen D Ruark, Andrew J Levada, Cheryl Schleif, Christina Brassett, Tabitha L Walker, Shelley K Weiss, LeAnne J Ingala, Gina Silva, Nicole G Rannazzisi, Marybeth Ingala, MaryJane J Abrams, Lisa A Marcil, Todd A Goldblum, Antoinette Ramirez, Angela Alfaro, Frances Jaramillo, Laura B Enyedi, David K Wallace, Sharon F Freedman, Sarah K Jones, Cassandra W Headen, Melinda K Robinson, Courtney E Fuller, Scott Atkinson, Pearlena K Hamlet, Crystal L Trythall, Angela B Hendrickson, Diane L Tucker, Laurie A Slaby, Tamara M Roman, Crystal C Samstag, Joan Therese Roberts, Marguerite J Sullivan, Lynelle Gregory Perez, Marjean T Kulp, Freda D Dallas, Andrew J Toole, Michael J Earley, Helen A Stuntebeck, Priscilla M Berry, Mary K Alters, Joost Felius, June M Gartlir, James B Ruben, Dipti Desai, Sue Ann Parrish, E J Bennett, David Alan Johnson, Kellie Drake, Jennifer B Beck, Kelly L Moulton, John P Donahue, Mary E Silvia, Deborah P Branco, Yin C Tea, Marc B Taub, Deborah M Amster, Annette Bade, Patrick J Droste, Robert J Peters, Jan Hilbrands, Jennifer L Mooney, Misha K Mennega, Don D Blackburn, Marina A Sarnecky, Adam J Wahlig, Mitchell Brent Strominger, Nicole B Quinn, Noopur N Agarwal-Batra, Yi Pang, Christine L Allison, Sandra S Block, Geoffrey W Goodfellow, Colleen M Morrissey, Yasmin S Bradfield, Barbara H Soderling, Gail V Morton, Kristin A Anderson, Jacque W Shimko, C Gail Summers, Erick D Bothun, Ann M Holleschau, Sara J Downes, Kim S Merrill, Kathy M Hogue, Michael X Repka, Xiaonong Liu, Carole R Goodman, Dean J Bonsall, Corey S Bowman, Jennefier L Duncan, Debbie L Lipps, Richard London, James J Kundart, Jayne L Silver, Cheryl L Bruce, Randall J McClellan, Daniel M Laby, Ricky Laby, Don W Lyon, Kathryn Gray, Mitchell M Scheiman, Karen E Pollack, David T Wheeler, Kimberley A Beaudet, Jonathan M Holmes, Rebecca A Nielsen, Jan M Sease, Virginia Karlsson, Deborah K Miller, Charles R Whitfill, Ruth D Dannar, Amy Melissa Wheeler, Lisa C Verderber, JoAnn Spieker, Sarah Ahn, Roy W Beck, Eileen E Birch, Susan A Cotter, Sean Donahue, Allison R Edwards, Donald F Everett, Stephen R Glaser, Richard W Hertle, Michael Hill, Rhonda Hodde, Jonathan M Holmes, Pamela Huston, Deborah L Klimek, Don W Lyon, Graham Quinn, Michael X Repka, Robert Rutstein, Nicholas Sala, Mitchell M Scheiman, David K Wallace, David R Weakley, Roy W Beck, Brian D Becker, Gladys N Bernett, Nicole M Boyle, Christina M Cagnina-Morales, Debora A Cagnina, Esmeralda L Cardosa, Danielle L Chandler, Laura E Clark, Sharon R Constantine, Katrina L Dawson, Quayleen Donahue, Mitchell Dupre, Allison R Edwards, Kyle L Baccus Horsley, Heidi A Gillespie, Raymond T Kraker, Stephanie V Lee, Lee Anne Lester, Shelly T Mares, Holly McCombs, B Michele Melia, Pamela S Moke, Stephanie Morgan-Bagley, Jim L Pyner, Diana E Rojas, Sydney L Shrader, Samara F Strauber, Heidi J Strayer, Dana Williams, Donald F Everett, Roy W Beck, Eileen E Birch, Stephen P Christiansen, Susan A Cotter, Sean Donahue, Donald F Everett, Jonathan M Holmes, Darren Hoover, Pamela Huston, Raymond T Kraker, Michael X Repka, Nicholas Sala, Mitchell M Scheiman, David K Wallace, William Barlow, Edward G Buckley, Barry Davis, Marie Diener-West, Velma Dobson, Donald Everett, Stephen Poff, Dave L Phelps, Richard Saunders, Lawrence Tychsen
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether performing near activities while patching for amblyopia enhances improvement in visual acuity.
Design: Randomized clinical trial.
Participants: A total of 425 children, aged 3 to <7 years, with amblyopia (20/40-20/400) that was caused by anisometropia, strabismus, or both, and that persisted after treatment with spectacles.
Methods: Children were randomized to 2 hours of patching per day with near activities or 2 hours of patching per day with distance activities. Instruction sheets describing common near and distance activities were given to the parents. Study visits were scheduled at 2, 5, 8, and 17 weeks. In weeks without a visit, weekly telephone calls were made to the parent to monitor and encourage compliance during the first 8 weeks.
Main outcome measure: Masked assessment of visual acuity by isolated crowded HOTV optotypes at 8 weeks.
Results: At 8 weeks, improvement in amblyopic eye visual acuity averaged 2.6 lines in the distance activities group and 2.5 lines in the near activities group (mean difference in acuity between groups, adjusted for baseline acuity, 0.0 lines 95% confidence interval, -0.3 to 0.3). The 2 groups also appeared statistically similar at the 2-, 5-, and 17-week visits. At the 17-week examination, children with severe amblyopia improved a mean of 3.6 lines with 2 hours of daily patching.
Conclusions: Performing common near activities does not improve visual acuity outcome when treating anisometropic, strabismic, or combined amblyopia with 2 hours of daily patching. Children with severe amblyopia may respond to 2 hours of daily patching.
Figures
Source: PubMed