Dengue virus serotype 4, northeastern Peru, 2008

Brett M Forshey, Amy C Morrison, Cristhopher Cruz, Claudio Rocha, Stalin Vilcarromero, Carolina Guevara, Daria E Camacho, Araceli Alava, César Madrid, Luis Beingolea, Victor Suarez, Guillermo Comach, Tadeusz J Kochel, Brett M Forshey, Amy C Morrison, Cristhopher Cruz, Claudio Rocha, Stalin Vilcarromero, Carolina Guevara, Daria E Camacho, Araceli Alava, César Madrid, Luis Beingolea, Victor Suarez, Guillermo Comach, Tadeusz J Kochel

Abstract

In 2008, dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) emerged in northeastern Peru, causing a large outbreak and displacing DENV-3, which had predominated for the previous 6 years. Phylogenetic analysis of 2008 and 2009 isolates support their inclusion into DENV-4 genotype II, forming a lineage distinct from strains that had previously circulated in the region.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of study sites in Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The study in Peru and Ecuador was operated jointly by the US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment with each country’s Institutes of Health. Samples from Venezuela were collected in and around Maracay through the Aragua State Epidemiologic Surveillance Program from patients with suspected dengue virus (DENV) infection. Cities denoted by filled circles indicate study sites where DENV serotype 4 strains were isolated, whereas open circles denote active study sites where no DENV–4 circulation was detected during the course of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene of dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV–4) strains from Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Similar topologies were observed from neighbor-joining (depicted), maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses, implemented in PAUP* v.4.0b10 (12). The general time reversible model of evolution was used for neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood analyses. DENV-4 genotype I strains (not shown) were included as an outgroup. Bootstrap values (based on 1,000 replicates) >65 are shown at major nodes. Isolates first reported in this study are shown in boldface and with sample identification code. Some sequenced isolates from Peru and Venezuela that share high nucleotide identity (>99.7%) with depicted strains were omitted to reduce redundancy and improve clarity of the figure. Sequences were deposited in the GenBank database under the accession nos. GQ139572–GQ139577 (Ecuador), GQ139547–GQ139571 (Peru), and GQ139578–GQ139591 (Venezuela). Scale bar indicates number of nucleotide substitutions per site.

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