Variability of activity patterns across mood disorders and time of day

Karoline Krane-Gartiser, Arne E Vaaler, Ole Bernt Fasmer, Kjetil Sørensen, Gunnar Morken, Jan Scott, Karoline Krane-Gartiser, Arne E Vaaler, Ole Bernt Fasmer, Kjetil Sørensen, Gunnar Morken, Jan Scott

Abstract

Background: Few actigraphy studies in mood disorders have simultaneously included unipolar (UP) and bipolar (BD) depression or BD mixed states as a separate subgroup from mania. This study compared objectively measured activity in UP, BD depression, mania and mixed states and examined if patterns differed according to time of day and/or diagnostic group.

Methods: Eighty -eight acutely admitted inpatients with mood disorders (52 UP; 18 mania; 12 BD depression; 6 mixed states) underwent 24 hours of actigraphy monitoring. Non-parametric analyses were used to compare median activity level over 24 h (counts per minute), two time series (64-min periods of continuous motor activity) in the morning and evening, and variability in activity across and within groups.

Results: There was no between-group difference in 24-h median level of activity, but significant differences emerged between BD depression compared to mania in the active morning period, and between UP and mania and mixed states in the active evening period. Within-group analyses revealed that UP cases showed several significant changes between morning and evening activity, with fewer changes in the BD groups.

Conclusions: Mean activity over 24 hours has limited utility in differentiating UP and BD. In contrast, analysis of non-linear variability measures of activity at different times of day could help objectively distinguish between mood disorder subgroups.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01415323 , first registration July 6, 2011.

Keywords: Actigraphy; Bipolar; Mixed states; Motor activity; Non-linear analysis; Time series; Unipolar; Variability.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The Regional Ethical Committee, Central Norway approved the study (study number: REK 2011/137–6). All participants signed an informed consent form prior to inclusion.

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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