Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults

Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Montserrat Solera-Martínez, María D Serrano-Parra, Raquel Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, Javier García-Campayo, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Montserrat Solera-Martínez, María D Serrano-Parra, Raquel Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, Javier García-Campayo, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno

Abstract

Background: The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) is an instrument for measuring resilience that has shown good psychometric properties in its original version in English. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in young adults and to verify whether it is structured in a single dimension as in the original English version.

Findings: Cross-sectional observational study including 681 university students ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. The number of latent factors in the 10 items of the scale was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify whether a single factor underlies the 10 items of the scale as in the original version in English. The convergent validity was analyzed by testing whether the mean of the scores of the mental component of SF-12 (MCS) and the quality of sleep as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) were higher in subjects with better levels of resilience. The internal consistency of the 10-item CD-RISC was estimated using the Cronbach α test and test-retest reliability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.85 and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.71. The mean MCS score and the level of quality of sleep in both men and women were significantly worse in subjects with lower resilience scores.

Conclusions: The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC showed good psychometric properties in young adults and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring resilience. Our study confirmed that a single factor underlies the resilience construct, as was the case of the original scale in English.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sedimentation graph of factor components of 10-item CD-RISC.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Factor loading and goodness-of-fit indexes of one-factor model for the 10-items CD-RISC factor structure. Total sample: n = 681; χ2 = 159.4, df = 35, p = 0.001, CFI = 0.94 and SRMR = 0.041.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Factor loading and goodness-of-fit indexes for our single-factor model for the CD-RISC-10 factor structure, by sex. Men: n = 175; χ2 = 135.8, df = 35, p = 0.001, CFI = 0.82 and SRMR = 0.073. Women: n = 506; χ2 = 106.4, df = 35, p = 0.001, CFI = 0.95 and SRMR = 0.040.

References

    1. Rutter M. Resilience in the face of adversity: protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorders. Br J Psych. 1985;147:598–611. doi: 10.1192/bjp.147.6.598.
    1. Norris FH, Stvens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41:127–150. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
    1. Ahern NR, Kiehl EM, Lou Sole M, Byers J. A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing. 2006;29:103–25. doi: 10.1080/01460860600677643.
    1. Windle G, Bennett KM, Noye J. A methodological review of resilience measurement scale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2011;9:8. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-8.
    1. Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) Depression and Anxiety. 2003;18:76–82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113.
    1. Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2007;20:1019–28. doi: 10.1002/jts.20271.
    1. Singh K, Yu XN. Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of Indian students. J Psychology. 2010;1:23–30.
    1. Wang L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2010;64:499–504. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02130.x.
    1. Bobes J, Bascarán MT, García-Portilla MP, Bousoño M, Sáiz PA, Wallance DH. Banco de instrumentos básicos de psiquiatría clínica. Barcelona: Psiquiatría ED; 2001.
    1. Alonso J, Regidor E, Barrio G, Prieto L, Rodríguez C, de la Fuente L. Valores poblacionales de referencia de la versión española del Cuestionario de Salud SF-36. Med Clin Barc. 1998;111:410–416.
    1. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TJ, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatric Research. 1989;28:193–213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
    1. Macías JA, Royuela A. La versión española del índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh. Informaciones Psiquiátricas. 1996;146:465–472.
    1. Campbell-Sills L, Forde DR, Stein MB. Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43:1007–1012. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013.
    1. Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling. 1999;6:1–55.
    1. Connor KM, Zhang W. Recent advances in the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders. Resilience: determinants, measurement, and treatment responsiveness. CNS Spectr. 2006;11(Suppl 12):5–12.
    1. Carli V, Roy A, Bevilacqua L, Maggi S, Cesaro C, Sarchiapone M. Insomia and suicidal behaviour in prisioners. Psychiatry research. 2011;185:141–144. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.10.001.
    1. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2. New York, Academic Press; 1988.
    1. Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and Programming. 2. New York, Taylor and Francis Group; 2010.
    1. Yu XN, Lau JTF, Mak WWS, Zhang J, Lui WWS, Zhang J. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Chinese adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2011;52:218–224. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.05.010.
    1. Lamond AJ, Depp CA, Allison M, Langer R, Reichstadt J, Moore DJ, Golshan S, Ganiats TG, Jeste DDV. Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009;43:148–154.
    1. Karaırmak Ö. Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179:350–356. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.012.
    1. Burns RA, Anstey KJ. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): testing the invariance of a uni-dimensional resilience measure that is independent of positive and negative affect. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010;48:527–531. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.026.
    1. Taylor DJ, Mallory LJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, Riedel BW, Bush AJ. Comorbidity of chronic insomnia with medical problems. Sleep. 2007;30:213–218.
    1. Rew L, Taylor-Seehafer M, Thomas NY, Yockey RD. Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2001;33:33–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00033.x.
    1. Wills TA, Sandy JM, Shinar O, Yaeger A. Contributions of positive and negative affect to adolescents substance use: test of a biodimensional model in a longitudinal study. Psychol Addict Behav. 1999;13:327–338.
    1. Stein MB, Campbell-Sills L, Gelernter J. Genetic variation in 5HTTLPR is associated with emotional resilience. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2009;150B:900–906. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30916.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer och medarbetare

Medicinska tillstånd

Läkemedelsinterventioner

3
Prenumerera