Information Recall in Pre-Operative Consultation for Glioma Surgery Using Actual Size Three-Dimensional Models

Sümeyye Sezer, Vitoria Piai, Roy P C Kessels, Mark Ter Laan, Sümeyye Sezer, Vitoria Piai, Roy P C Kessels, Mark Ter Laan

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) technologies are being used for patient education. For glioma, a personalized 3D model can show the patient specific tumor and eloquent areas. We aim to compare the amount of information that is understood and can be recalled after a pre-operative consult using a 3D model (physically printed or in Augmented Reality (AR)) versus two-dimensional (2D) MR images. In this explorative study, healthy individuals were eligible to participate. Sixty-one participants were enrolled and assigned to either the 2D (MRI/fMRI), 3D (physical 3D model) or AR groups. After undergoing a mock pre-operative consultation for low-grade glioma surgery, participants completed two assessments (one week apart) testing information recall using a standardized questionnaire. The 3D group obtained the highest recall scores on both assessments (Cohen's d = 1.76 and Cohen's d = 0.94, respectively, compared to 2D), followed by AR and 2D, respectively. Thus, real-size 3D models appear to improve information recall as compared to MR images in a pre-operative consultation for glioma cases. Future clinical studies should measure the efficacy of using real-size 3D models in actual neurosurgery patients.

Keywords: 3D model; Augmented Reality; glioma; information recall; patient education; pre-operative consultation.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Display of all three visual tools. (a) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), used in the 2D group. (b) Printed three-dimensional (3D) model, used in the 3D group. (c) Augmented Reality (AR) model displayed on an iPad, used in the AR group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bar graph with Cohen’s d on y-axis and comparison of groups (3D vs. 2D, AR vs. 2D and 3D vs. AR) for each of the four domains. (a) Immediate recall and (b) 1-week follow-up recall. 2D = two-dimensional group (MRI), 3D = three-dimensional group (3D model), AR = Augmented Reality group.

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