What part of NO don't you understand? Some answers to the cardinal questions in nitric oxide biology

Bradford G Hill, Brian P Dranka, Shannon M Bailey, Jack R Lancaster Jr, Victor M Darley-Usmar, Bradford G Hill, Brian P Dranka, Shannon M Bailey, Jack R Lancaster Jr, Victor M Darley-Usmar

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates biological processes through signaling mechanisms that exploit its unique biochemical properties as a free radical. For the last several decades, the key aspects of the chemical properties of NO relevant to biological systems have been defined, but it has been a challenge to assign these to specific cellular processes. Nevertheless, it is now clear that the high affinity of NO for transition metal centers, particularly iron, and the rapid reaction of NO with oxygen-derived free radicals can explain many of its biological and pathological properties. Emerging studies also highlight a growing importance of the secondary metabolites of NO-dependent reactions in the post-translational modification of key metabolic and signaling proteins. In this minireview, we emphasize the current understanding of the biochemistry of NO and place it in a biological context.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Model for the cellular targets of NO and associated nitrogen oxides. A, the most sensitive target of NO is sGC, followed by CcOx and NHI. B, reaction of NO with O2 or ROS changes target susceptibility. Under high O2 tensions or conditions of increased free radical production, NO forms oxidation products that react with proteins, lipids, DNA, and FeS centers predominantly over the targets shown in A.

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