Acute effect of Melon Manis Terengganu peel powder on glycemic response, perceived satiety, and food intake: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes

Ying Qian Ong, Sakinah Harith, Mohd Razif Shahril, Norshazila Shahidan, Hermizi Hapidin, Ying Qian Ong, Sakinah Harith, Mohd Razif Shahril, Norshazila Shahidan, Hermizi Hapidin

Abstract

Background: Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) peel has a high dietary fiber content, but there is no data examining its health benefits in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether consumption of MMT peel powder improves glycemic response, satiety, and food intake in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: An open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design trial was conducted among adults (n = 30, ages 18-59 y) at risk of type 2 diabetes. They consumed Formulation 3 (formulated MMT peel powder) [A] and control (glucose) [B] with study breakfast based on randomly assigned treatment sequences (AB, BA) established by Research Randomizer ( www.randomizer.org ). Capillary blood glucose and perceived satiety were determined at baseline (0 min), 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, followed by a post-intervention food intake measurement.

Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant time (F = 84.37, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.744), condition (F = 22.89, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.441), and time*condition effects (F = 24.40, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.457) in blood glucose levels. Respondents (n = 30) who consumed Formulation 3 also had a significantly lower blood glucose 2-hour incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of 134.65 ± 44.51 mmol/L*min and maximum concentration (CMax) of 7.20 (7.10, 8.20) mmol/L with relative reduction of 26.8 and 13.3% respectively, when compared with control (p < 0.001). Besides, significantly greater perceived satiety, lower energy and fat intake as well as higher dietary fiber intake were also observed in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no marked side effects associated with the ingestion of the test products.

Conclusions: Short-term consumption of formulated MMT peel powder may improve glycemic response, increase perceived satiety and reduce food intake in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes with the potential to be utilized as a functional beverage. Medium-to long-term clinical trial is warranted to determine whether taking this formulated MMT peel powder on a daily basis has an influence on health outcomes.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05298111. Registered 28/03/2022.

Keywords: At risk of type 2 diabetes; Food intake; Glycemic response; Melon Manis Terengganu peel; Perceived satiety.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CONSORT flow diagram of the study. CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
AUC of perceived satiety of placebo and intervention group. The presented results are indicated as mean values ± standard error of mean. *Significant differences between groups. Tested using paired t-test

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