Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine 1

Nakia S Clemmons, Zachary D McCormic, Joel C Gaydos, Anthony W Hawksworth, Nikki N Jordan, Nakia S Clemmons, Zachary D McCormic, Joel C Gaydos, Anthony W Hawksworth, Nikki N Jordan

Abstract

The 1999 cessation of vaccination against adenovirus types 4 and 7 among US Army trainees resulted in reemergence of acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. The 2011 implementation of a replacement vaccine led to dramatic and sustained decreases in ARD cases, supporting continuation of vaccination in this population at high risk for ARD.

Keywords: ARD; US Army trainees; acute respiratory disease; adenovirus; basic training; disease rates; dynamic population; high-risk population; initial entry training; military; outbreaks; vaccination; vaccine; viruses.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Weekly acute respiratory disease (ARD) rates by US Army initial entry training site, 2010–2014. ARD rate = (ARD cases/all trainees) × 100 trainee weeks.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adenovirus serotype distribution and acute respiratory disease (ARD) rate for all US Army initial entry training sites, by month, 2010–2014. ARD rate = (ARD cases/all trainees) × 100 trainee weeks.

References

    1. Gray GC, Callahan JD, Hawksworth AW, Fisher CA, Gaydos JC. Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:379–85.10.3201/eid0503.990308
    1. Lee SE, Eick A, Ciminera P. Respiratory disease in Army recruits: surveillance program overview, 1995-2006. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:389–95.10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.027
    1. Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, Hawksworth AW, Trump DH, Ryan MA, et al.; For the Adenovirus Surveillance Group. Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:663–70.10.1086/313999
    1. Kolavic-Gray SA, Binn LN, Sanchez JL, Cersovsky SB, Polyak CS, Mitchell-Raymundo F, et al. Large epidemic of adenovirus type 4 infection among military trainees: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:808–18.10.1086/342573
    1. Radin JM, Hawksworth AW, Blair PJ, Faix DJ, Raman R, Russell KL, et al. Dramatic decline of respiratory illness among US military recruits after the renewed use of adenovirus vaccines. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:962–8.10.1093/cid/ciu507
    1. Broderick MP, Hansen CJ, Russell KL, Kaplan EL, Blumer JL, Faix DJ. Serum penicillin G levels are lower than expected in adults within two weeks of administration of 1.2 million units. PLoS One. 2011;6:e25308.10.1371/journal.pone.0025308
    1. Yun HC, Young AN, Caballero MY, Lott L, Cropper TL, Murray CK. Changes in clinical presentation and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness in military trainees after reintroduction of adenovirus vaccine. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2:ofv120.10.1093/ofid/ofv120
    1. O’Donnell FL, Taubman SB. Follow-up analysis of the incidence of acute respiratory infections among enlisted service members during their first year of military service before and after the 2011 resumption of adenovirus vaccination of basic trainees. MSMR. 2015;22:2–7.
    1. Hoke CH Jr, Hawksworth A, Snyder CE Jr. Initial assessment of impact of adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine on febrile respiratory illness and virus transmission in military basic trainees, March 2012. MSMR. 2012;19:2–4.
    1. Hawksworth A. Surveillance snapshot: adenovirus among U.S. military recruit trainees. MSMR. 2012;19:5.
    1. Thaci B, Ulasov IV, Wainwright DA, Lesniak MS. The challenge for gene therapy: innate immune response to adenoviruses. Oncotarget. 2011;2:113–21.10.18632/oncotarget.231
    1. Grayston JT, Johnston PB, Loosli CG, Smith ME, Woolridge RL. Neutralizing and complement fixing antibody response to adenovirus infection. J Infect Dis. 1956;99:199–206.10.1093/infdis/99.2.199
    1. Potter RN, Cantrell JA, Mallak CT, Gaydos JC. Adenovirus-associated deaths in US military during postvaccination period, 1999-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:507–9.10.3201/eid1803.111238
    1. Kuschner RA, Russell KL, Abuja M, Bauer KM, Faix DJ, Hait H, et al.; Adenovirus Vaccine Efficacy Trial Consortium. A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of the live, oral adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine, in U.S. military recruits. Vaccine. 2013;31:2963–71.10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.035
    1. Sivan AV, Lee T, Binn LN, Gaydos JC. Adenovirus-associated acute respiratory disease in healthy adolescents and adults: a literature review. Mil Med. 2007;172:1198–203.10.7205/MILMED.172.11.1198

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer och medarbetare

Medicinska tillstånd

Läkemedelsinterventioner

3
Prenumerera