The Pain at Work Toolkit for Employees with Chronic or Persistent Pain: A Collaborative-Participatory Study

Holly Blake, Sarah Somerset, Sarah Greaves, Holly Blake, Sarah Somerset, Sarah Greaves

Abstract

Self-management tools for people with chronic or persistent pain tend to focus on symptom reporting, treatment programmes or exercise and do not address barriers to work, facilitators of work ability, or workplace pain self-management strategies. We developed the Pain at Work (PAW) toolkit, an evidence-based digital toolkit to provide advice on how employees can self-manage their pain at work. In a collaborative-participatory design, 4-step Agile methodology (N = 452) was used to co-create the toolkit with healthcare professionals, employers and people with chronic or persistent pain. Step 1: stakeholder consultation event (n = 27) established content and format; Step 2: online survey with employees who have persistent pain (n = 274) showed employees fear disclosing their condition, and commonly report discrimination and lack of line manager support. Step 3: online employer survey (n = 107) showed employers rarely provide self-management materials or education around managing pain at work, occupational health recommendations for reasonable adjustments are not always actioned, and pain-related stigma is common. Step 4: Toolkit development integrated findings and recommendations from Steps 1-3, and iterative expert peer review was conducted (n = 40). The PAW toolkit provides (a) evidence-based guidelines and signposting around work-capacity advice and support; (b) self-management strategies around working with chronic or persistent pain, (c) promotion of healthy lifestyles, and quality of life at work; (d) advice on adjustments to working environments and workplace solutions to facilitate work participation.

Keywords: chronic pain; digital; inclusion; occupational health; participatory design; self-management; technology; toolkit; workforce; workplace.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Four-step Agile development process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples from the peer review process.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PAW Toolkit sections and content.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example screenshot from the PAW Toolkit† (Version 1.0, 2021). (https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/toolkits/play_24452) (accessed on 17 November 2021). † see [54] to access toolkit, credits, embedded links and additional resources.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Proposed approaches to support employees with chronic or persistent pain.

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