Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality disparities in new Mexico

Richard M Hoffman, David K Espey, Robert L Rhyne, Melissa Gonzales, Ashwani Rajput, Shiraz I Mishra, S Noell Stone, Charles L Wiggins, Richard M Hoffman, David K Espey, Robert L Rhyne, Melissa Gonzales, Ashwani Rajput, Shiraz I Mishra, S Noell Stone, Charles L Wiggins

Abstract

Background. Previous analyses indicated that New Mexican Hispanics and American Indians (AI) did not experience the declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates observed among non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We evaluated more recent data to determine whether racial/ethnic differences persisted. Methods. We used New Mexico Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data from 1995 to 2009 to calculate age-specific incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates overall and by tumor stage. We calculated mortality rates using National Center for Health Statistics' data. We used joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC) in age-adjusted incidence rates. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender. Results. Incidence rates continued declining in NHW (APC -1.45% men, -1.06% women), while nonsignificantly increasing for AI (1.67% men, 1.26% women) and Hispanic women (0.24%). The APC initially increased in Hispanic men through 2001 (3.33%, P = 0.06), before declining (-3.10%, P = 0.003). Incidence rates declined in NHW and Hispanics aged 75 and older. Incidence rates for distant-stage cancer remained stable for all groups. Mortality rates declined significantly in NHW and Hispanics. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in CRC persist in New Mexico. Incidence differences could be related to risk factors or access to screening; mortality differences could be due to patterns of care for screening or treatment.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
New Mexico colorectal cancer male incidence joinpoint by race/ethnicity, 1995–2009.
Figure 2
Figure 2
New Mexico colorectal cancer female incidence joinpoint by race/ethnicity, 1995–2009.
Figure 3
Figure 3
New Mexico colorectal cancer stage distribution by race/ethnicity and gender, 1995–2009. NHW: non-Hispanic white, H: Hispanic, and AI: American Indian. Columns do not all sum to 100% due to rounding.
Figure 4
Figure 4
New Mexico colorectal cancer anatomic subsite distribution by race/ethnicity and gender, 1995–2009. NHW: non-Hispanic white, H: Hispanic, and AI: American Indian. Columns do not all sum to 100% due to rounding.

References

    1. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Altekruse SF. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2009, (Vintage 2009 Populations) National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md, USA, 2012.
    1. Jemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, Noone AM, Markowitz LE, Kohler B. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2009, Featuring the Burden and Trends in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Cancers and HPV Vaccination Coverage Levels. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2013;105(3):175–201.
    1. Becker TM, Wiggins CL, Elliott RS, Key CR, Samet JM. Racial and Ethnic Patterns of Mortality in New Mexico. Albuquerque, NM, USA: University of New Mexico Press; 1993. Methods.
    1. Chao A, Gilliland FD, Hunt WC, Bulterys M, Becker TM, Key CR. Increasing incidence of colon and rectal cancer among Hispanics and American Indians in New Mexico (United States), 1969–94. Cancer Causes and Control. 1998;9(2):137–144.
    1. Espey DK, Wiggins CL, Jim MA, Miller BA, Johnson CJ, Becker TM. Methods for improving cancer surveillance data in American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Cancer. 2008;113(5, supplement):1120–1130.
    1. Espey D, Paisano R, Cobb N. Regional patterns and trends in cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990–2001. Cancer. 2005;103(5):1045–1053.
    1. Espey DK, Wu X-C, Swan J, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2004, featuring cancer in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Cancer. 2007;110(10):2119–2152.
    1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Datasets & Software. Localized/Regional/Distant Stage Adjustments.
    1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Database: Mortality—All COD, Aggregated With State, Total U.S. (1990–2009) (Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment). National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, 2012.
    1. Moriyama IM, Loy RM, Robb-Smith AHT. History of the statistical classification of diseases and causes of death. In: Rosenberg HM, Hoyert DL, editors. Hyattsville, Md, USA: National Center for Health Statistics; 2011.
    1. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute SEER∗Stat Software. Version 7.1.0, 2012,
    1. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd edition. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
    1. Klein RJ, Schoenborn CA. Health People Statistical Notes. Hyattsville, Md, USA: National Center for Health Statistics; 2001. Age adjustment using the 2000 projected U.S. population.
    1. Tiwari RC, Clegg LX, Zou Z. Efficient interval estimation for age-adjusted cancer rates. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2006;15(6):547–569.
    1. Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Statistics in Medicine. 2000;19(3):335–351. correction vol. 20, p. 365, 2001.
    1. National Cancer Institute. Joinpoint Regression Program. version 3.5.2. Statistical Research and Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute, 2011.
    1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Database: Populations—Total U.S. (1969–2009) (Single Ages to 85+, Katrina/Rita Adjustment)—Linked to County Attributes—Total U.S., 1969–2009 Counties. National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, 2011,
    1. Fay MP. Approximate confidence intervals for rate ratios from directly standardized rates with sparse data. Communications in Statistics. 1999;28(9):2141–2160.
    1. Gonzales M, Nelson H, Rhyne RL, Stone SN, Hoffman RM. Surveillance of colorectal cancer screening in New Mexico hispanics and non-hispanic whites. Journal of Community Health. 2012;37(6):1279–1288.
    1. New Mexico Cancer Council. Colorectal Cancer in New Mexico: A White Paper. New Mexico Department of Health, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2010, .
    1. Denny CH, Holtzman D, Cobb N. Surveillance for health behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives. Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1997–2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2003;52(7):1–13.
    1. Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer. 2010;116(3):544–573.
    1. Morris AM. Medicare policy and colorectal cancer screening: will changing access change outcomes? Journal of the American Medical Association. 2006;296(23):2855–2856.
    1. Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM, Rickert A, Hoffmeister M. Protection from colorectal cancer after colonoscopy: a population-based, case-control study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2011;154(1):22–30.
    1. Arias E, Schauman WS, Eschbach K, Sorlie PD, Backlund E. The validity of race and Hispanic origin reporting on death certificates in the United States. Vital and Health Statistics 2. 2008;(148):1–23.
    1. Becker TM, Wiggins CL, Key CR, Samet JM. Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions: a leading cause of death among minorities. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1990;131(4):664–668.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer och medarbetare

Medicinska tillstånd

Läkemedelsinterventioner

3
Prenumerera