Short-term Effects of Eating Behavior Modification on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Risks in Overweight and Obese Korean Adults

Hyunyoung Kim, Eunju Yoon, Oh Yoen Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyunyoung Kim, Eunju Yoon, Oh Yoen Kim, Eun Mi Kim

Abstract

Background: We investigated whether eating behavior modification improves metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related risks in overweight/obese Korean adults, and identified dietary factors that improve metabolic status.

Methods: Among 159 volunteers, 71 with a body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 and without other chronic diseases participated in the 8-week intervention, among which 54 participants who completed the intervention were included in the analyses. At baseline, patients were categorized either metabolically healthy obese (MHO; <3 MetS risk factors, n=42) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO; ≥3 MetS risk factors, n=12), and then educated regarding how to choose healthy foods and meals.

Results: Lipid profiles and anthropometric and glycemic parameters were significantly improved among all participants after the intervention. Changes in waist circumference (P= 0.025), and glycemic parameters (glucose, P=0.046, insulin, P=0.005, C-peptide, P=0.041) were positively correlated with changes in calorie intake from snacks. Changes in visceral fat area were negatively correlated with changes in total calorie intake (P=0.046), and positively correlated with those in calorie intake from dietary fats (P=0.039). In addition, changes in insulin (P=0.013) and C-peptide (P=0.008) concentrations were negatively correlated with changes in dietary fiber intake at dinner. After the intervention, 83.3% of initially MUHO participants became MHO and 16.7% of MHO participants became MUHO.

Conclusion: Eating behavior modification may be an important strategy to improve metabolic factors in overweight/obese people.

Keywords: Behavior; Eating; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Overweight.

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportions (A) and amounts (B) of calorie intake according to meal distribution at baseline and after the eating behavior intervention. Values are presented as mean± standard error. *P< 0.01, †P< 0.05, ‡P< 0.1, indicate P-values for differences in the values before and after the intervention assessed using paired t-test. MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obese.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between the visceral fat area (VFA) and total calorie intake (A), breakfast calorie intake (B), percent (%) calorie intake from carbohydrate (C) and from fats (D) before and after the eating behavior intervention. r= correlation coefficient, P-value < 0.05 indicates significant correlations between the changes in VFA and those in daily calorie intake and proportion of calorie intake derived from macronutrients status. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test.

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