The Impact of a Clonidine Transition Protocol on Dexmedetomidine Withdrawal in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients

Abstract

Objectives: This study describes our experience with a clonidine transition protocol to prevent dexmedetomidine (DEX) withdrawal in critically ill pediatric patients.

Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients in the pediatric intensive care unit of a single tertiary children's hospital. All patients up to 19 years of age, who received concomitant DEX infusion and enteral clonidine between June 1, 2016, and May 31, 2018, were included.

Results: Two of 24 encounters had DEX restarted for withdrawal (8.3%). Five of 14 encounters who were transitioned to clonidine 2 mcg/kg every 6 hours required an increased dose, and 1 of 10 encounters transitioned to clonidine 4 mcg/kg every 6 hours required an increased dose (36% vs 10%, p = 0.21). For encounters with clonidine dose increases, 5 of 6 had improvements in Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (WAT-1) scores. Of these 5 encounters, 4 had decreasing or stable opioid and sedative requirements and 1 was transitioned to methadone. No encounters required discontinuation of clonidine owing to adverse events. Two of 24 encounters met our safety endpoint. One received a fluid bolus during the clonidine transition with no change in clonidine dosing, while the other had clonidine dose decreased for asymptomatic bradycardia.

Conclusions: The 24 encounters in our retrospective study add to the limited literature available to describe dosing, initiation time, and duration of clonidine to prevent withdrawal from DEX in critically ill pediatric patients. Further research is needed to clarify the optimal dosing and duration of clonidine to prevent DEX withdrawal in pediatric patients.

Keywords: clonidine; critical care; dexmedetomidine; pediatric; pediatric intensive care unit; sedatives; withdrawal.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors declare no conflicts or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in the manuscript, including grants, equipment, medications, employment, gifts, and honoraria. JiTong Liu, Jessica Miller, Michael Ferguson, Sandra Bagwell, and Jonathan Bourque had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

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