Treatment and physiology in Parkinson's disease and dystonia: using transcranial magnetic stimulation to uncover the mechanisms of action
Aparna Wagle Shukla, David E Vaillancourt, Aparna Wagle Shukla, David E Vaillancourt
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has served as an important technological breakthrough in the field of the physiology of movement disorders over the last three decades. TMS has grown popular owing to the ease of application as well as its painless and noninvasive character. The technique has provide important insights into understanding the pathophysiology of movement disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease and dystonia. The basic applications have included the study of motor cortex excitability, functioning of excitatory and inhibitory circuits, study of interactions between sensory and motor systems, and the plasticity response of the brain. TMS has also made important contributions to understanding the response to treatments such as dopaminergic medications, botulinum toxin injections, and deep brain stimulation surgery. This review summarizes the knowledge gained to date with TMS in Parkinson's disease and dystonia, and highlights the current challenges in the use of TMS technology.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of Interest
Aparna Wagle Shukla has pending grants from CTSI KL2 and Dystonia coalition, DMRF. David E. Vaillancourt has received an NIH grant (R01 NS52318, R01 NS58487) and a grant from Bachmann-Strauss and Tyler’s Hope Foundation. He has also received board membership payments from NIH Study Section Member and consultancy fees from UT Southwestern Medical School and the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Vaillancourt has also received honoraria from the University of Colorado and the University of Pittsburgh.
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Source: PubMed