Glucagon-like peptide 1 reduces endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes

Antonio Ceriello, Anna Novials, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Canivell, Lucia La Sala, Gemma Pujadas, Katherine Esposito, Dario Giugliano, Stefano Genovese, Antonio Ceriello, Anna Novials, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Canivell, Lucia La Sala, Gemma Pujadas, Katherine Esposito, Dario Giugliano, Stefano Genovese

Abstract

Objective: Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia currently are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Both acute hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, raising the oxidative stress. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has antioxidant properties, and evidence suggests that it protects endothelial function.

Research design and methods: The effect of both acute hyperglycemia and acute hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes, with or without the simultaneous infusion of GLP-1, on oxidative stress (plasma nitrotyrosine and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha), inflammation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6), and endothelial dysfunction has been evaluated.

Results: Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia acutely induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. GLP-1 significantly counterbalanced these effects.

Conclusions: These results suggest a protective effect of GLP-1 during both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Glycemia, FMD, sICAM-1, nitrotyrosine, IL-6, and 8-iso-PGF2a in type 1 diabetes during hypoglycemia experiments. Open triangles (△) indicate hypoglycemia and filled triangles (▲) indicate hypoglycemia plus GLP-1. *P < 0.01 vs. basal. #P < 0.01 vs. hypoglycemia plus GLP-1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Glycemia, FMD, sICAM-1, nitrotyrosine, IL-6, and 8-iso-PGF2a in type 1 diabetes during hyperglycemia experiments. Open circles (○) indicate hyperglycemia and filled circles (●) indicate hyperglycemia plus GLP-1. *P < 0.01 vs. basal. #P < 0.01 vs. hyperglycemia plus GLP-1. §P < 0.01 vs. hyperglycemia plus GLP-1.

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Source: PubMed

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