Eating behaviors in obese children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-1a) develop early-onset obesity. These children have decreased resting energy expenditure but it is unknown if hyperphagia contributes to their obesity.

Methods: We conducted a survey assessment of patients 2 to 12 years old with PHP-1a and matched controls using the Hyperphagia Questionnaire (HQ) and Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Results of the PHP-1a group were also compared with an obese control group and normal weight sibling group.

Results: We enrolled 10 patients with PHP-1a and 9 matched controls. There was not a significant difference between the PHP-1a group and matched controls for total HQ score (p = 0.72), Behavior (p = 0.91), Drive (p = 0.48) or Severity (p = 0.73) subset scores. There was also no difference between the PHP-1a group and matched controls on the CEBQ. In a secondary analysis, the PHP-1a group was compared with obese controls (n = 30) and normal weight siblings (n = 6). Caregivers reported an increased interest in food before age 2 years in 6 of 10 PHP-1a patients (60%), 9 of 30 obese controls (30%) and none of the siblings (p = 0.04). The sibling group had a significantly lower Positive Eating Behavior score than the PHP-1a group (2.6 [2.4, 2.9] vs. 3.5 [3.1, 4.0], p < 0.01) and obese controls (2.6 [2.4, 2.9] vs. 3.4 [2.6, 3.8], p = 0.04), but there was not a significant difference between the PHP-1a and obese controls (p = 0.35). The sibling group had a lower Desire to Drink score than both the PHP-1a group (1.8 [1.6, 2.7] vs. 4.3 [3.3, 5.0], p < 0.01) and obese controls (1.8 [1.6, 2.7] vs. 3.3 [3.0, 4.0], p < 0.01) but there was not a significant difference between the PHP-1a and obese control Desire to Drink scores (p = 0.11).

Conclusions: Patients with PHP-1a demonstrate hyperphagic symptoms similar to matched obese controls.

Keywords: Eating behaviors; Obesity; Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Figures

Figure 1

Hyperphagia questionnaire scores, total and subset, in children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-1a, circles) and matched controls (squares). There was no significant difference between groups by Mann–Whitney U test (Total HQ score p = 0.72, Behavior p = 0.91, Drive p = 0.48 or Severity p = 0.73). Values shown are median ± interquartile range.

Figure 2

Hyperphagia questionnaire scores, total and subset, in children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-1a, circles), obese controls (squares) and siblings (triangles). There was no significant difference between groups by Kruskal Wallis test (Total HQ score p = 0.40, Behavior p = 0.60, Drive p = 0.31 or Severity p = 0.43). Values shown are median ± interquartile range.

Figure 3

Childhood eating behavior questionnaire positive eating behavior subset scores in children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-1a, circles) and matched controls (squares). There was no significant difference between groups by Mann–Whitney U test (Food Responsiveness p = 1.0, Enjoyment of Food p = 0.81, Emotional Overeating p = 0.73 and Desire to Drink p = 0.31). Values shown are median ± interquartile range.

Figure 4

Childhood eating behavior questionnaire positive eating behavior subset scores in children with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-1a, circles), obese controls (squares) and siblings (triangles). Values shown are median ± interquartile range. *Indicates p value <0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test following a significant Kruskal-Wallis test.