Progression Evaluation and Genetic Determinants of Hypertension in Chinese - A Follow-up Study of Taiwan SAPPHIRe

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age of subjects when recruited must be between 35 and 60 years. Subjects over age 60 may also be eligible provided that documentation of their hypertension status prior to age 60 is available.
• Chinese ancestry, i.e. all four grandparents Chinese. Hypertension is defined as follows: systolic BP (SBP) greater than or equal to (>=) 160 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) >= 95 mm Hg or taking 2 medications for high blood pressure (Stage II hypertension). Alternatively the subject could have uncontrolled hypertension, i.e. taking 1 medication for high blood pressure and has either systolic BP >= 140 or diastolic >= 90 mm Hg.

Exclusion Criteria:

• One of the affected sibs is adopted (i.e. no parent in common) or if the sibs have only one parent in common.
• Both parents have been treated for hypertension before the age of 60. If offspring reports about their parents' hypertension status are conflicting, then a single reliable report of hypertension in both parents before age 60 is cause for exclusion. This exclusion criterion, however, does not apply to discordant sib-pairs.
• Diabetic individuals were excluded. Diabetes uncovered as a result of SAPPHIRe lab work does not lead to exclusion however.
• Severe kidney disease (except stones and remote infections) of creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl, unless documented proof that the subject met inclusion criteria prior to increase in creatinine levels.
• A body-mass index greater than 35.
• In addition, the following conditions are considered as cause for exclusion: ongoing (or within the past 6 months) treatment for cancer; terminal illness (life expectancy fewer than 6 months); liver cirrhosis or any other chronic illness; pregnancy or fewer than 6 months post-partum.