Inter-Brain Synchrony in Psychotherapy for Test Anxiety (IBSP-TA)
The study aims to examine inter-brain synchrony between patients and therapists over the course of psychotherapy. Eight patients underwent a 6-session course of psychotherapy for test anxiety including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and imagery work, following an existing protocol (see Prinz et al., 2019), as well as a pre- and post- treatment interview (with different interviewers). The researchers used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging to record brain activity during both interviews and sessions 1, 3, and 5, and collected saliva samples to measure hormone levels during the same sessions. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the study, and before and after each session.
The researchers hypothesized that synchrony will gradually increase over the psychotherapy sessions, that synchrony in the pre-treatment interview will be lower than in the post-treatment interview, and that synchrony would be correlated with increases in Oxytocin.
研究概览
详细说明
This study centers on a short-term 6-session imagery-based treatment protocol for Test anxiety (Developed by Prof. Eshkol Rafaeli who is a collaborator on the study, with colleagues at the University of Trier; for the full protocol, see www.osf.io/hraqd). The protocol integrates traditional cognitive behavioral and imagery techniques; each session is also followed by some homework assignment, aimed at practicing the contents of the session and/or preparing for the next one.
The study lasted 8 weeks. On weeks 1 and 8 participants came in to a screening interview preformed by a research assistant. On weeks 2-7 participants came in to therapy meetings, according to the aforementioned protocol. On weeks 1,2,4,6,8 the researchers also performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). imaging and took saliva samples. Participants, assessors (in assessment sessions) and therapists (in treatment sessions) underwent fNIRS imaging and provided saliva samples to measure Oxytocin and Cortisol levels. Samples were tested for hormonal levels and subsequently destroyed.
The study was an exploratory study, with the same therapist, who was a licensed clinical psychologist, treating all patients. He received supervision from an experienced psychologist with long experience employing cognitive-behavioral and experiential treatment methods.
Preliminary questionnaires. (a) Test Anxiety Inventory (b) Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-3) to assess early maladaptive schemas; (c) Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to assess Big-5 characteristics; (d) Schema Mode Inventory (SMI-2) to assess schema modes ; (e) Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self Report Scale; (f) Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) to assess interpersonal problems; (f) General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD7) scale to assess anxiety symptoms; (g) Mindset questionnaire; (h) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) to assess depression symptoms; (i) Relationship Quality (RQ) to assess attachment; (j) demographic questionnaire; (k) Trauma questionnaires - The life event and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder checklists for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale .
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Haifa、以色列、3498838
- University of Haifa
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Test Anxiety Inventory at least 50.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Participants with severe mood, anxiety, obsessional, psychotic, or eating disorders as assessed using a Diagnostic Interview for Anxiety, Mood, and Obsessive-compulsive and related Neuropsychiatric Disorders (DIAMOND) interview were excluded (However, comorbid single-episode major depressive disorder or social anxiety disorder did not lead to exclusion).
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：基础科学
- 分配：不适用
- 介入模型：单组作业
- 屏蔽：无（打开标签）
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
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实验性的：Main group
The group underwent a psychotherapy course combining CBT and imagery work.
(For full protocol see Prinz et al., 2019)
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参见群组描述
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研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Change from baseline State Test Anxiety
大体时间：Weeks 2,7
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A six-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure test anxiety, evaluation apprehension and low efficacy (Lawrence & Williams, 2013).
Change was defined as the difference between State Test Anxiety at week 7 and at week 2, and a successful outcome would be State Test Anxiety being lower at week 7 than at week 2. The scale is comprised of 6 items scored between 0 and 6, with the scale value being the mean of the items and as such also ranging between 0 and 6, with higher values representing more anxiety (i.e., more symptoms).
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Weeks 2,7
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Change from baseline Test Anxiety Inventory
大体时间：Weeks 1,8
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A 20-item questionnaire measuring test anxiety (Spielberger, 1980).
Change was defined as the difference between Test Anxiety Inventory values at week 1 and at week 8, and a successful outcome would be Test Anxiety Inventory being lower at week 8 than at week 1.
Each item is scored between 1 and 4 and the scale value is calculated by summing the items, such that the scale ranges between 20 and 80, with high values representing more anxiety (i.e., more symptoms).
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Weeks 1,8
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其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Change from baseline Outcome Rating Scale
大体时间：Weeks 2,7
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The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) is a 4-item questionnaire evaluating general wellbeing (Miller et al., 2003).
Change was defined as the difference between the ORS at week 7 and at week 2, and a successful outcome would be ORS at week 7 being higher than at week 2. ORS is presented as 4 visual slider items, and the scale is calculated by mapping each slider position to a number between 0 and 100 and calculating the mean of the 4 items, resulting in a scale ranging between 0 and 100 with 100 representing greater wellbeing.
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Weeks 2,7
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合作者和调查者
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Prinz JN, Bar-Kalifa E, Rafaeli E, Sened H, Lutz W. Imagery-based treatment for test anxiety: A multiple-baseline open trial. J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb 1;244:187-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.091. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
- Spielberger, C.D. Test anxiety inventory: Preliminary professional manual. Palo Alto,CA: Consulting Psychologist Press. 1980.
- Lawrence, J. S., & Williams, A. Anxiety explains why people with domain-contingent self-worth underperform on ability-diagnostic tests. Journal of Research in Personality. 2013; 47(3): 227-232
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (实际的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)
计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？
IPD 计划说明
IPD 共享时间框架
IPD 共享访问标准
IPD 共享支持信息类型
- 研究方案
- 树液
- 分析代码
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研究美国 FDA 监管的药品
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