ISOLATION 2.0: a Multicenter Clinical Care and Research Platform

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older;
• Documented atrial fibrillation;
• Referred for any type of AF ablation: catheter ablation, stand-alone surgical AF ablation, surgical AF ablation concomitant with cardiac surgery, hybrid AF ablation, or redo AF ablation;
• Able and willing to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Conditions preventing the patient from adhering from the study protocol;
• Emergency procedures.

A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for transesophageal ECG-imaging is asked:

• Severe allergic reaction against contrast agents used in the CT- or MRI-protocol
• Severe allergic reaction against body surface electrodes

A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for transesophageal ECG (TE-ECG) is asked:

• Status after esophageal or gastric surgery

A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (ISOLATION CMR) is asked:

• Contraindication to MRI

A subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the subset in whom additional consent for concomitant hybrid ablation of atrial fibrillation (COMBAT-AF) is asked:

• Prior catheter or surgical AF ablation.

Specific exclusion criteria for epicardial mapping (only applicable for patients undergoing hybrid or surgical AF ablation):

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Gold 11, 111, or IV;
• Heart failure, currently in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ill or IV;
• Any other pulmonary, cardiac, or other condition that may compromise a safe conduct of epicardial mapping in the opinion of the treating physician or investigator, taking the prolonged duration of single lung ventilation into account.