严重游戏化培训对护理专业学生产后出血管理能力的有效性

实验性的：Web-Based Serious Game

Participants received three 40-minute standard theoretical sessions on postpartum hemorrhage management and additionally completed an individual, self-paced, 30-50-minute browser-based serious game containing a single branching clinical scenario with clinical decision-making and immediate physiological feedback.

其他：Web-Based Serious Game

A browser-based serious game (Version 1.0) comprising a single branching clinical scenario on the recognition and management of primary postpartum hemorrhage. Participants made clinical decisions, observed the physiological consequences of their choices, and received immediate formative feedback. The game was completed individually in a single continuous attempt lasting approximately 30-50 minutes.

无干预：Standard Theoretical Instruction Group

Participants received the same three 40-minute standard theoretical sessions on postpartum hemorrhage management as the intervention group. They received no additional educational content or time- and attention-matched activity before the immediate posttest assessment. Access to the serious game was offered after all post-intervention outcome assessments had been completed.

Postpartum Hemorrhage Management Knowledge Assessment Form (PHM-KAF)

The researcher-developed PHM-KAF is a 15-item multiple-choice assessment of knowledge and clinical decision-making accuracy related to postpartum hemorrhage risk assessment, etiology (the 4Ts), and evidence-based management. Each correct response is scored as 1 and each incorrect response as 0, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 15. Higher scores indicate greater postpartum hemorrhage management knowledge. Content validity was evaluated by nine academic experts specializing in women's health and obstetric nursing (S-CVI/Ave = 0.96).

Postpartum Hemorrhage Management Self-Efficacy Assessment Form (PHM-SEAF)

The researcher-developed PHM-SEAF is a 10-item, task-specific assessment form measuring nursing students' perceived self-efficacy in postpartum hemorrhage management. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), yielding a total score ranging from 10 to 50. Higher scores indicate greater task-specific self-efficacy. Content validity was evaluated by nine academic experts specializing in women's health and obstetric nursing (S-CVI/Ave = 0.94).

Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Clinical Nursing Practice

The Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Clinical Nursing Practice is a 16-item, 5-point Likert-type instrument comprising two subdimensions: Motivation and Learning Strategies. Total scores range from 16 to 80, with higher scores indicating stronger self-regulated learning.