SWOG-9239 Reduction of Immunosuppression Plus Interferon Alfa and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Malignant Tumors That Develop After Organ Transplant

Phase II Trial of Sequential Modification of Immunosuppression, Interferon Alpha, and Promace-Cytabom For Treatment of Post-Cardiac Transplant Lymphoproliferation.

RATIONALE: Reducing the amount of drugs used to prevent transplant rejection may help a person's body kill tumor cells. Giving biological therapy, such as interferon alfa, which may interfere with the growth of cancer cells, or combination chemotherapy, which uses different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die, may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of reducing immunosuppression, and giving interferon alfa and combination chemotherapy, in treating patients who have malignant tumors that develop after organ transplant.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: vincristine sulfate; Biological: bleomycin sulfate; Biological: recombinant interferon alfa; Drug: cyclophosphamide; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: etoposide; Drug: methotrexate; Drug: prednisone; Procedure: conventional surgery; Radiation: radiation therapy

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the complete remission rate and survival of patients with lymphoproliferation following organ transplantation treated with a defined sequential approach: modification of immunosuppression, with surgery or limited radiotherapy for an isolated site of disease; interferon alfa; and chemotherapy (ProMACE-CytaBOM; cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, prednisone, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate).

OUTLINE: All patients receive modification of immunocompetence, unless rejection is present at outset. These patients proceed directly to interferon treatment. Group 1 (see Disease Characteristics): Patients receive reduced doses of their current immunosuppressive therapy for 10 days. Group 2: Patients receive reduced doses of some of their current immunosuppressive therapy and discontinue some of the other therapy for 14 days. Immunosuppressive therapy then resumes on day 15. Immunosuppressive therapy continues throughout other therapy, unless otherwise noted. Some patients may then undergo surgery or radiotherapy. Interferon therapy: Patients receive interferon alfa (IFNA) subcutaneously or intramuscularly on days 1-28 for a maximum of 3 courses. Patients then receive maintenance therapy with IFNA 3 days a week for 4 weeks for up to 6 courses. Chemotherapy (ProMACE-CytaBOM): Immunosuppressive therapy is stopped on days 1-20. Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV, doxorubicin IV, and etoposide IV over 60 minutes on day 1, oral prednisone on days 1-14, and cytarabine IV, bleomycin IV, vincristine IV, and methotrexate IV on day 8. Treatment is repeated every 21 days for up to 6 courses. Patients with positive CSF cytology receive intrathecal methotrexate or cytarabine on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Some patients may continue this therapy on day 21 , then every 3 weeks for 5 doses, or may receive cranial irradiation. Patients are followed monthly for 1 year, every 2 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, then every 6 months thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 50 patients will be accrued for this study within 4-5 years.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Mobile, Alabama, United States, 36688
      • MBCCOP - University of South Alabama
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85006-2726
      • CCOP - Greater Phoenix
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85012
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Phoenix (Hayden)
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724
      • Arizona Cancer Center
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85723
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Tucson
  • Arkansas
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
      • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Little Rock (McClellan)
  • California
    • Long Beach, California, United States, 90822
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Long Beach
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033-0800
      • USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1781
      • Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 91010
      • Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
    • Martinez, California, United States, 94553
      • Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic - Martinez
    • Oakland, California, United States, 94609-3305
      • CCOP - Bay Area Tumor Institute
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95817
      • University of California Davis Medical Center
    • Santa Rosa, California, United States, 95403
      • CCOP - Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital
    • Travis Air Force Base, California, United States, 94535
      • David Grant Medical Center
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80220
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Denver
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80262
      • University of Colorado Cancer Center
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30342-1701
      • CCOP - Atlanta Regional
  • Hawaii
    • Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96813
      • Cancer Research Center of Hawaii
  • Illinois
    • Decatur, Illinois, United States, 62526
      • CCOP - Central Illinois
    • Hines, Illinois, United States, 60141
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Hines (Hines Junior VA Hospital)
    • Maywood, Illinois, United States, 60153
      • Loyola University Medical Center
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160-7357
      • University of Kansas Medical Center
    • Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67214-3882
      • CCOP - Wichita
    • Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67218
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Wichita
  • Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40511-1093
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Lexington
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536-0084
      • Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
      • Tulane University School of Medicine
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
      • MBCCOP - LSU Medical Center
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - New Orleans
    • Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, 71130-3932
      • Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport
    • Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, 71130
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Shreveport
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118
      • Boston Medical Center
    • Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States, 02130
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Boston (Jamaica Plain)
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-0752
      • University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48105
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Ann Arbor
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
      • Henry Ford Hospital
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201-1932
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Detroit
    • Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, 49503
      • CCOP - Grand Rapids Clinical Oncology Program
    • Southfield, Michigan, United States, 48075-9975
      • Providence Hospital - Southfield
  • Minnesota
    • Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States, 55416
      • CCOP - Metro-Minnesota
  • Mississippi
    • Biloxi, Mississippi, United States, 39531-2410
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Biloxi
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216-4505
      • University of Mississippi Medical Center
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Jackson
    • Keesler AFB, Mississippi, United States, 39534-2576
      • Keesler Medical Center - Keesler AFB
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64128
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Kansas City
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64131
      • CCOP - Kansas City
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110-0250
      • St. Louis University Health Sciences Center
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63141
      • CCOP - St. Louis-Cape Girardeau
    • Springfield, Missouri, United States, 65807
      • CCOP - Cancer Research for the Ozarks
  • Montana
    • Billings, Montana, United States, 59101
      • CCOP - Montana Cancer Consortium
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87108-5138
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Albuquerque
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87131
      • MBCCOP - University of New Mexico HSC
  • New York
    • Brooklyn, New York, United States, 11209
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Brooklyn
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45219
      • Barrett Cancer Center, The University Hospital
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45220-2288
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Cincinnati
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43206
      • CCOP - Columbus
    • Dayton, Ohio, United States, 45428
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Dayton
    • Kettering, Ohio, United States, 45429
      • CCOP - Dayton
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Oklahoma City
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97201-3098
      • Oregon Cancer Center at Oregon Health Sciences University
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97207
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Portland
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97213
      • CCOP - Columbia River Program
  • South Carolina
    • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29615
      • CCOP - Greenville
    • Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States, 29303
      • CCOP - Upstate Carolina
  • Tennessee
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-6838
      • Vanderbilt Cancer Center
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37212
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Nashville
  • Texas
    • Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States, 78234
      • Brooke Army Medical Center
    • Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555-1329
      • University of Texas Medical Branch
    • Lubbock, Texas, United States, 79423
      • Texas Tech University Health Science Center
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78284-7811
      • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78284
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - San Antonio (Murphy)
    • Temple, Texas, United States, 76504
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Temple
    • Temple, Texas, United States, 76508
      • CCOP - Scott and White Hospital
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84132
      • Huntsman Cancer Institute
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84148
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Salt Lake City
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98101
      • CCOP - Virginia Mason Research Center
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104
      • Swedish Cancer Institute
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98108
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Seattle
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98109
      • Puget Sound Oncology Consortium
    • Tacoma, Washington, United States, 98405-0986
      • CCOP - Northwest

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 15 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically proven lymphoproliferation following organ (kidney, liver, or heart) allograft Bidimensionally measurable disease If all disease removed at biopsy, eligible only if recurrence is bidimensionally measurable Group 1 (clinically urgent disease): Histologically proven involvement of the allograft OR Histologically proven bone marrow involvement OR Liver involvement with hepatic insufficiency Bilirubin greater than upper limit of normal (ULN) OR SGOT or SGPT at least 2 times ULN OR Clinical hepatic encephalopathy OR LDH at least 3 times ULN OR Systemic sepsis OR Locally urgent lesions Tonsillar enlargement that threatens airway Superior vena cava syndrome Bilateral hydronephrosis Postobstructive pneumonia OR Small noncleaved lymphocytic lymphoma (i.e., adult Burkitt's lymphoma) Group 2: All other patients No CNS disease only

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: 15 and over Performance status: Not specified Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: See Disease Characteristics Renal: Not specified Cardiovascular: See Disease Characteristics Pulmonary: See Disease Characteristics Other: No known AIDS, HIV-associated complex, or positive HIV antibody No other malignancy within past 5 years, except: Adequately treated basal or squamous cell skin cancer Adequately treated stage I or II cancer or other noninvasive cancers Carcinoma in situ of the cervix Not pregnant or nursing Fertile patients must use effective contraception

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: No prior interferon for lymphoma No prior bone marrow transplantation Chemotherapy: No prior chemotherapy for lymphoma Endocrine therapy: Not specified Radiotherapy: Not specified Surgery: See Disease Characteristics Other: Intra-aortic balloon pump allowed only for heart failure caused by acute rejection or lymphomatous involvement

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Immumosuppression, IFN-a, ProMACE-CytaBOM; Doses and schedules of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporin (or FK506), prednisone, and acyclovir) will depend on whether patients are judged to have clinically urgent disease or not. Patients who do not have a CR after initial immunosuppression will receive 3 cycles (28 days each) Interferon alpha 2b at 3.0 x 10^6 IU/m^2 on days 1-28. Patients who have a CR will then receive 6 additional cycles with 3 doses per week, then go onto observation. Patients who do not have a CR will then receive a maximum of 6 21-day cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of: cyclophosphamide 650 mg/m^2 on day 1, adriamycin 25 mg/m^2 on day 1, etoposide 120 mg/m^2 on day 1, prednisone 60 mg/m^2 on days 1-14, cytosine arabinoside 300 mg/m^2 on day 8, bleomycin 5 mg/m^2 on day 8, vincristine 1.4 mg/m^2 on day 8, methotrexate 120 mg/m^2 on day 8, leucovorin 25 mg/m^2 q 6 hours on days 8-9, G-CSF 5 ug/kg/day on days 2-14, and one double strength tablet trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 3 times per week.

Drug: vincristine sulfate; 1.4 mg/m^2; Biological: bleomycin sulfate; 5 mg/m^2; Biological: recombinant interferon alfa; 3.0 x 10^6 IU/m^2; Drug: cyclophosphamide; 650 mg/m^2; Drug: cytarabine; 300 mg/m^2; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; 25 mg/m^2; Other Names: adriamycin; Drug: etoposide; 120 mg/m^2; Drug: methotrexate; 120 mg/m^2; Drug: prednisone; dose varies during initial immunosuppression. During chemotherapy, 60 mg/m^2.; Procedure: conventional surgery; Simple excision, for those patients who have resectable disease after initial immunosuppression.; Radiation: radiation therapy; For treatment of localized disease that remains after initial immunosuppression.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Response	every 3 months while on protocol treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
overall survival	every 3 months while on treatment, then every 6 months thereafter

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Southwest Oncology Group
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
• Investigators: Study Chair: Lode J. Swinnen, MD, Loyola University; Study Chair: Leo I. Gordon, MD, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Swinnen LJ, LeBlanc M, Grogan TM, Gordon LI, Stiff PJ, Miller AM, Kasamon Y, Miller TP, Fisher RI. Prospective study of sequential reduction in immunosuppression, interferon alpha-2B, and chemotherapy for posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Transplantation. 2008 Jul 27;86(2):215-22. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181761659.
• Gulley ML, Swinnen LJ, Plaisance KT Jr, Schnell C, Grogan TM, Schneider BG; Southwest Oncology Group. Tumor origin and CD20 expression in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder occurring in solid organ transplant recipients: implications for immune-based therapy. Transplantation. 2003 Sep 27;76(6):959-64. doi: 10.1097/01.TP.0000079832.00991.EE.
• Swinnen LJ, Gulley ML, Hamilton E, et al.: EBV DNA quantitation in serum is highly correlated with the development and regression of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in solid organ transplant recipients. Blood 92(10 suppl 1): A1291, 314-315a, 1998.
• Tao Q, Swinnen L, Ambinder RF: Conservation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) CTL epitopes in EVB (+) posttransplant lymphomas in solid organ transplant recipients. Blood 90(10 suppl 1): A2281, 512a, 1997.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 1995
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2003
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 1, 1999
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 21, 2004
• First Posted (Estimate): June 22, 2004

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 24, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 22, 2013
• Last Verified: January 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: stage III adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage III adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage III adult Burkitt lymphoma; stage IV grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage IV adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage IV adult Burkitt lymphoma; recurrent grade 3 follicular lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; recurrent adult Burkitt lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; stage II grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage II adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage II adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage II adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage II adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage II adult Burkitt lymphoma; stage III grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage III grade 2 follicular lymphoma; stage III grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage III adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage III adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage IV grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage IV grade 2 follicular lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage II multiple myeloma; stage III multiple myeloma; stage I grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage I grade 2 follicular lymphoma; stage I adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; recurrent grade 1 follicular lymphoma; recurrent grade 2 follicular lymphoma; contiguous stage II grade 1 follicular lymphoma; contiguous stage II grade 2 follicular lymphoma; contiguous stage II adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II grade 1 follicular lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II grade 2 follicular lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II small lymphocytic lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent marginal zone lymphoma; recurrent small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage I marginal zone lymphoma; stage I small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage III small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage III marginal zone lymphoma; stage IV small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage IV marginal zone lymphoma; contiguous stage II marginal zone lymphoma; contiguous stage II small lymphocytic lymphoma; extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma; splenic marginal zone lymphoma; stage I multiple myeloma; refractory multiple myeloma; noncontiguous stage II adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II grade 3 follicular lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II adult Burkitt lymphoma; noncontiguous stage II adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; isolated plasmacytoma of bone; extramedullary plasmacytoma; stage I adult Burkitt lymphoma; contiguous stage II adult Burkitt lymphoma; contiguous stage II adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage I adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; contiguous stage II grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage I grade 3 follicular lymphoma; contiguous stage II adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; contiguous stage II adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage I adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage I adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage II small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage II grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage II grade 2 follicular lymphoma
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Plasmacytoma; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Dermatologic Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Reproductive Control Agents; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortifacient Agents; Folic Acid Antagonists; Interferons; Interferon-alpha; Cyclophosphamide; Etoposide; Prednisone; Doxorubicin; Liposomal doxorubicin; Cytarabine; Methotrexate; Vincristine; Bleomycin
• Other Study ID Numbers: CDR0000064200; U10CA032102 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); SWOG-9239 (Other Identifier: SWOG); E-S9239 (Other Identifier: ECOG)