The Effects of Gum Chewing on Energy Intake and Expenditure

The purpose of this study is to determine if chewing gum increases energy expenditure and decreases food intake.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Obesity
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Chewing gum; Other: Water

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 31
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin-Madison

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 38 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI 27-37, between the ages of 18 and 38

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of chronic disease (e.g. liver, kidney, or heart disease, or diabetes)
• Medications that affect energy expenditure, appetite, or body composition (e.g. antidepressants, beta blockers, antipsychotic, or weight loss medications)
• A history of irregular menstrual cycles in women (indication of onset of menopause or other metabolic disturbances such as polycystic ovary syndrome)
• A history of phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Symptoms of depression
• A history of eating disorders
• Concurrent participation in a weight loss program
• Cigarette smoking or other tobacco use
• Jaw problems such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)
• Allergies to any of the common components in gum (sweeteners, mint flavors, etc)
• Heavy gum chewing prior to study ( > 3 times per week)
• Pregnancy or lactation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Chewing gum	Other: Chewing gum; Subjects were instructed to chew gum at least 6 times a day in an effort to reduce snacking.
Placebo Comparator: Water	Other: Water; Subjects were instructed to drink 8 oz of water at least 6 times a day in an effort to reduce snacking.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change in body composition	Baseline and end of study (6 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison
• Collaborators: The Obesity Society
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Leah D Whigham, PhD, Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2008
• Primary Completion: December 7, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 15, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): January 6, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 8, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 6, 2015
• Last Verified: October 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Obesity
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity
• Other Study ID Numbers: H-2007-0342

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No