Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Dose of SKY0402 in Subjects Undergoing Augmentation Mammoplasty

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Control Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Local Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Augmentation Mammoplasty

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the superiority of SKY0402 over conventional, commercially-available bupivacaine HCl with respect to the duration of the analgesic effect achieved by a single local administration of the study drug.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postoperative Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl; Drug: Mid-dose SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl

Detailed Description

This was a Phase 2, parallel-group, active-control, randomized, double-blind study conducted to evaluate a single local administration of low dose or high dose of SKY0402 compared with 75 mg of bupivacaine HCl (i.e., Marcaine® 0.5%) in women undergoing bilateral, cosmetic, sub-muscular, augmentation mammoplasty under general anesthesia. Each subject was to serve as her own control.

A total of 40 subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive one of the following regimens:

• Low-dose SKY0402 in one side and Marcaine 75 mg in the contralateral side.
• Mid-dose SKY0402 in one side and Marcaine 75 mg in the contralateral side.

Study drug was administered locally into the breast implant pocket at the end of surgery. After surgery, subjects were to receive standard treatment with acetaminophen 1000 mg three times daily and rescue analgesia with immediate-release oxycodone, as needed, for breakthrough pain.

Assessments of postoperative pain were conducted through 96 hours. Safety assessments were conducted including monitoring of local and systemic adverse events (AEs).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
      • Associates for Plastic Surgery

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects who met all of the following criteria were eligible for inclusion in the study:

1. Women, 18-40 years of age at the Screening Visit.
2. Postmenopausal, surgically sterile, or willing to use an acceptable means of contraception for at least 30 days after surgery including any of the following: hormonal contraceptives (e.g., oral, injectable, implantable starting at least 30 days before study drug administration), effective double-barrier methods (e.g., condoms with spermicide), intrauterine device, lifestyle with a personal choice of abstinence, nonheterosexual lifestyle, or a strictly monogamous relationship with a partner who has had a vasectomy.
3. Scheduled to undergo primary, bilateral, sub-muscular, augmentation mammoplasty under general anesthesia.
4. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Class 1-3.
5. Able and willing to comply with all study visits and procedures.
6. Able to speak, read, and understand the language of the ICF, study questionnaires, and other instruments used for collecting subject-reported outcomes, in order to enable accurate and appropriate responses to pain scales and other required study assessments.
7. Willing and capable of providing written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects were not eligible for the study if they met any of the following criteria:

  1. Pregnancy, nursing, or planning to become pregnant during the study or within one month after study drug administration.
  2. Body weight less than 50 kilograms.
  3. History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to amide-type local anesthetics or to opioid medication.
  4. Administration of an investigational product within 30 days or 5 elimination half-lives of such investigational product, whichever was longer, prior to study drug administration, or planned administration of another investigational product or procedure during the subject's participation in this study.
  5. History of, suspected, or known addiction to or abuse of illicit drug(s), prescription medicine(s), or alcohol within the past 2 years.
  6. Uncontrolled anxiety, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric disorder that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with study assessments or compliance.

  7. Significant medical conditions or laboratory results that, in the opinion of the Investigator, indicated an increased vulnerability to study drugs and procedures, and exposed the subject to an unreasonable risk as a result of participating in this clinical trial (e.g., severe hepatic insufficiency, hypotension, heart block, or severely impaired cardiac function).

     In addition, the subject was ineligible to receive study drug if she met the following criterion during surgery:

  8. Any clinically significant event or condition uncovered during the surgery (e.g., excessive bleeding, acute sepsis) that might render the subject medically unstable or complicate the subject's postoperative course.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Low-dose SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl; Marcaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 is the reference-listed drug for bupivacaine and contains the same active, local anesthetic as SKY0402	Drug: SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl; Low-dose SKY0402 administered locally into one breast pocket and 75 mg bupivacaine HCl administered locally into the other breast pocket
Active Comparator: Mid-dose SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl; Marcaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 is the reference-listed drug for bupivacaine and contains the same active, local anesthetic as SKY0402	Drug: Mid-dose SKY0402 + bupivacaine HCl; Mid-dose SKY0402 administered locally into one breast pocket and 75 mg bupivacaine HCl administered locally into the other breast pocket

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at Rest (NRS-R) and With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores	Assessments of postoperative pain were conducted through 96 hours and included pain intensity at rest (NRS-R) and with activity (NRS-A). The prescribed activity was to consist of raising the arm, in full extension at the elbow and wrist, to a position parallel with the axis of the torso. Pain intensity was scored on an 11-point scale, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain.	Through 96 hours postdose

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Adverse Events	Adverse events were monitored through Day 8 and serious adverse events through Day 30.	Through 30 days postdose

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc
• Investigators: Study Director: Kay Warnott, RN, ACNP, Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2008
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2008

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 19, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 20, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): September 22, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 2, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 11, 2021
• Last Verified: February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pain; Analgesia; Breast augmentation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Pain, Postoperative; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Sensory System Agents; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine
• Other Study ID Numbers: SKY0402-C-210