Painful Breastfeeding and Bacterial or Yeast Infection

November 14, 2016 updated by: Göteborg University

The Prevalence of Yeast and Bacteria in Women With Painful Breastfeeding and the Diagnostic Value of Signs and Symptoms

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of yeast and bacteria in women with breastfeeding pain and to identify signs and symptoms.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Painful breastfeeding is one of the most common reasons for early weaning. Persistent pain associated with breastfeeding can sometimes be difficult to diagnose and is a source of frustration for the breastfeeding women as well as for healthcare providers.

The diagnosis of candida infection in breastfeeding women is generally based on signs and symptoms identified in case reports and without any culture. Breastfeeding pain has been described as superficial or deep in some studies. This deep pain syndrome as caused by candida or bacteria has been questioned. A few studies have cultured breast milk from women with deep breast pain and found Candida albicans infections or bacterial infections usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. There still remains controversy and lack of evidence for candidiasis affecting the lactating breast as well as bacteria causing the pain. Ensured diagnostic methods are important due to the resistant problem with both antibiotics and antifungals. Only one study has described five key symptoms associated with candida. It was shiny, flaky nipple/areola, burning pain on the nipple/areola, non-stabbing pain or stabbing pain in the breast.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of candida and bacteria in women with superficial or deep breastfeeding pain and to identify signs and symptoms linked to candida or bacteria in breast milk and nipple/areola.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

136

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Group 1 and 2: Selected from the breastfeeding receptions (n=2) at Sahlgrenska University hospital and Skövde hospital Group 3, controls: Selected from Primary health care clinics

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • scored pain > = VAS 4

Exclusion Criteria:

  • breastfeeding technique problems
  • clinical signs of mastitis
  • muscular pain
  • breast surgery
  • use of antibiotic or antifungal treatment during the last preceding week
  • temperature > = 37 degree Celsius

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
1. Deep pain group
1. Deep pain group; Pain in the breast
2. Superficial pain group
Pain on the nipple and/or aereola
3. Control group
No pain or other breastfeeding problems

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Bacteria
Time Frame: Baseline (at admission)
Occurrence of bacteria: yes/no
Baseline (at admission)
Yeast
Time Frame: Baseline (at admission)
Occurence of yeast: yes/no
Baseline (at admission)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain
Time Frame: Baseline (at admission)
VAS
Baseline (at admission)
Signs
Time Frame: Baseline (at admission)
Nipple areola: cracks, red/pink, flaky, shiny, blurred, swollen, itching, smarting
Baseline (at admission)
Bacteria at follow-up
Time Frame: 2 weeks after baseline
Occurence of bacteria: yes/no
2 weeks after baseline
Yeast at follow-up
Time Frame: 2 weeks after baseline
Occurence of yeast: yes/no
2 weeks after baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Göteborg University

Collaborators

Vastra Gotaland Region

Investigators

  • Study Director: Marie Berg, PhD,MPH,MNS, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

December 1, 2006

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2009

Study Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 12, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 28, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

June 29, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

November 15, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 14, 2016

Last Verified

November 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PainBreastfeed

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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