Population Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART) (PopART)

August 25, 2022 updated by: HIV Prevention Trials Network

Population Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART): A Cluster-randomized Trial of the Impact of a Combination Prevention Package on Population-level HIV Incidence in Zambia and South Africa

PopART is a community randomized trial that is investigating whether a community-wide combination HIV prevention package including annual home-based HIV testing, active referral and the offer of immediate ART for those testing HIV-positive, along with the promotion of proven HIV prevention methods (such as voluntary medical male circumcision, prevention of mother to child transmission and condom use), will help to prevent transmission and substantially reduce new HIV infections. The study is being conducted in 21 communities in Zambia and South Africa (randomized into 3 arms, each with 7 communities) with a total population of approximately 1.2 million individuals.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 071 (PopART) will investigate the impact on HIV incidence of universal voluntary HIV counseling and testing (with referral to care) provided to a community through a house-to-house campaign, in combination with early ART for individuals who are HIV-positive, and other proven preventive interventions. The design of HPTN 071 (PopART) will allow the study team to distinguish between the impact of universal testing with referral for HIV care in accordance with national guidelines, and the impact of universal testing with referral for early ART initiation for those with HIV infection. In addition, HPTN 071 (PopART) will determine if a program of universal voluntary testing, including early ART initiation, is feasible and acceptable when delivered on a large scale to entire communities. Evaluating the effectiveness of universal voluntary HIV counseling and testing with the offer of early ART is a key global health priority.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

48540

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • South Africa
    • Western Cape
      • Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 7505
        • Desmund Tutu TB Centre at Stellenbosch University
  • Zambia
      • Lusaka, Zambia
        • Zambart

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 44 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Population Cohort

    1. 18 - 44 years of age
    2. Able and willing to provide informed consent
    3. Residing within catchment area of a designated local health unit and intending to remain so for the next three years
    4. Residing in a randomly selected household

  2. Case-Control Study 1 Inclusion Criteria:

    1. At least 18 years of age
    2. Able and willing to provide informed consent
    3. Resident in the cluster during the first round of testing
    4. Visited by a CHiP team and offered testing during the first round of home-based testing

  3. Case-Control Study 2 Inclusion Criteria:

    1. At least 18 years of age
    2. Able and willing to provide informed consent
    3. Resident in the cluster during the first round of testing
    4. Tested HIV-infected in CHiP home-based testing, or HIV-infected and disclosed that they were previously diagnosed as HIV-infected to CHiP team

  4. Case-Control Study 3 Inclusion Criteria:

    1. At least 18 years of age
    2. Able and willing to provide informed consent
    3. Resident in the cluster during the second round of testing
    4. Visited by a CHiP team and offered testing during the second round of home-based testing

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Population Cohort Exclusion Criteria:

    1. Current or planned enrollment in another HIV treatment, prevention, or Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) study
    2. Current, planned or prior enrollment in an HIV vaccine study
    3. Anything that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude informed consent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives.

  2. Case-Control Study 1 Exclusion Criteria:

    1. Individuals belonging to the Population Cohort or other case-control studies
    2. Individuals known to be HIV-infected after testing elsewhere.

  3. Case-Control Study 2 Exclusion Criteria:

    1. Individuals enrolled in the Population Cohort or other case-control studies
    2. HIV-infected individuals already on ART before study commences

  4. Case-Control Study 3 Exclusion Criteria:

    1. Known HIV infected from CHiP data.
    2. Individuals belonging to the Population Cohort or other case-control studies

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Arm A Universal Testing w/Immediate ART
Other: Universal Testing with immediate ART

• Combination prevention package including:

o House-to-house deployment of: Universal HIV counseling and testing; Active linkage to care for individuals diagnosed as HIV-infected, with immediate eligibility for ART; Promotion of male circumcision and prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services; Provision of condoms; Strengthening of HIV testing and services at health facilities and other venues; Strengthening of male circumcision and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services available in the community; and Treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and provision of condoms at health units

Other Names:
  • PopART Intervention
  • UTT
Active Comparator: Arm B ART according to National Guidelines
Other: Universal Testing with ART eligibility according to National Guidelines

Combination prevention package including:

House-to-house deployment of: Universal HIV counseling and testing; Active linkage to care for individuals diagnosed as HIV-infected, with ART eligibility according to national guidelines; Promotion of male circumcision and PMTCT services; Provision of condoms; Strengthening of HIV testing and services at health facilities and other venues; Strengthening of male circumcision and PMTCT services available in the community; and Treatment of STIs and provision of condoms at health units.

Other Names:
  • PopART Intervention
Other: Standard of Care

Includes:

Strengthening of HIV testing and ART services according to national guidelines at health facilities and other venues; Strengthening of male circumcision and PMTCT services available at health facilities and other venues in the community; and Treatment of STIs and provision of condoms at health facilities and other venues in the community.
Other: Standard of Care

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
HIV incidence measured over 3 years in the Population Cohort, with the primary analysis including HIV incidence measured between Months 12 and 36 of the study.
Time Frame: 3 years
3 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HIV incidence over the first, second, and third years of follow-up
Time Frame: 3 years
3 years
ART adherence and viral suppression
Time Frame: 24 months
HIV viral load at 24 months in HIV-infected members of the Population Cohort who initiated HIV care and ART after commencement of the PopART intervention in the community (if funding available)
24 months
Herpes Simplex Virus -2 (HSV-2) incidence
Time Frame: 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months
Incident HSV-2 infections at 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months for all individuals in the Population Cohort who were HSV-2-uninfected at enrollment
12 months, 24 months, and 36 months
HIV disease progression, retention in care, and death
Time Frame: 3 years
3 years
ART toxicity
Time Frame: 3 years

ART safety and clinical events among Population Cohort participants initiating ART after commencement of the PopART intervention in the community, measured using routine health center data, and

ART safety and clinical events among health center attendees who initiated ART after commencement of the PopART intervention in the community, measured using routine health center data
3 years
Sexual risk behavior
Time Frame: 3 years
o Self-reported sexual risk behavior at Enrollment, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months in the Population Cohort
3 years
Case notification rate of tuberculosis (TB)
Time Frame: 3 years
  • Case notification rates of bacteriologically-confirmed TB diagnosed among the general population of patients seeking care at health centers as recorded by health centers
  • TB mortality among TB cases in the community as recorded by health centers
3 years
HIV-related stigma
Time Frame: 3 years
  • Self-reported data on stigma indicators at enrollment, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months in the Population Cohort
  • Qualitative interviews in selected members of the general population in Arms A, B, and
3 years
Uptake of PMTCT
Time Frame: 3 years
  • Self-reported use of services for PMTCT at Enrollment, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months among HIV-infected women in the Population Cohort who had been pregnant in the prior 12 months
  • Uptake of PMTCT services at health centers
  • Uptake of PMTCT as indicated in data collected in households by CHiPs
3 years
Uptake of male circumcision
Time Frame: 3 years
  • Self-reported circumcision status/uptake at Enrollment, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months of men in the Population Cohort
  • Uptake of circumcision in the community as indicated in health center data
  • Uptake of circumcision as indicated in data collected in households by CHiPs
3 years
ART screening and uptake
Time Frame: 3 years
  • The proportion of Population Cohort members, identified as HIV-infected who screen for ART eligibility, and who subsequently initiate ART
  • Proportion of community members, identified as HIV-infected in data from CHiP teams, who screen for ART eligibility, and who subsequently initiate ART, as indicated in health center data
3 years
HIV testing and retesting
Time Frame: 3 years
  • Self-reported recent HIV testing at Enrollment, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months in the Population Cohort
  • The number of adults (16 years and older) in the household and the number of HIV tests performed as indicated in data from CHiP teams and health centers
3 years
Time between HIV diagnosis and initiation of care
Time Frame: 3 years
  • The proportion of Population Cohort members initiating HIV care within 3 months of a positive HIV diagnosis
  • The proportion of community members initiating HIV care within 3 months of HIV diagnosis as indicated in data from CHiP teams (provision of HIV positive result) and health center data (date of care initiation)
3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

HIV Prevention Trials Network

Collaborators

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Imperial College London
Zambart
Desmond Tutu TB Centre
Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator
The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) with support from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Richard Hayes, BSc, MSc, DSc, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  • Study Chair: Sarah Fidler, MBBS, PhD, Imperial College London
  • Principal Investigator: Helen Ayles, BSc, MBBS, MSc, PhD, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  • Principal Investigator: Nulda Beyers, MBChB, FCP, MSc, PhD, Stellenbosch Univeristy
  • Principal Investigator: Peter Bock, MD, MRCP, MRCGP, MPH, PhD, University of Stellenbosch

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 7, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

July 7, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 2, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 16, 2013

First Posted (Estimate)

July 17, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 26, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 25, 2022

Last Verified

August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • HPTN 071
  • UM1AI068619 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
  • 11865 (Other Identifier: DAIDS-ES)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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