Birds and Bees Research Study

Parent-Teen Communication to Resist Unhealthy Media Messages

The goal of this efficacy study is to evaluate how different web-based resources affect parents' and children's sexual health knowledge; attitudes, efficacy, intentions, and behaviors about parent-adolescent communication; attitudes about media messages; and media message deconstruction skills. Parent consumer satisfaction with the resources will also be assessed.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Communication; Sexual Behavior
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Web-based resource on adolescent sexual health; Behavioral: Alternate web-based resource on adolescent sexual health

Detailed Description

While the majority of the students will receive sexual education at least once between seventh and twelfth grade, the content that they will receive varies greatly. Thus, adolescents turn to other sources for information about sex including their parents and the media. However, many parents face challenges in being prepared to discuss sex with their adolescent child. While over eighty percent of parents are talking with their children ages 10-18 about issues related to sex, far fewer (60%) discuss more difficult sexual topics such as birth control. These findings suggest that there is a need for evidence-based resources that teach parents the skills needed to have effective conversations with their adolescent children about sexual health topics and media messages that promote early and risky sex.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 730
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27707
      • innovation Research & Training

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• parent or legal guardian of a child in 7th, 8th, or 9th grade

Exclusion Criteria:

• not fluent in English
• does not have access to internet to complete study tasks

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Resource 1; Web-based resource on adolescent sexual health	Behavioral: Web-based resource on adolescent sexual health; Web-based resource on adolescent sexual health than the intervention.
Active Comparator: Resource 2; Alternate web-based resource on adolescent sexual health	Behavioral: Alternate web-based resource on adolescent sexual health; This is a different web-based resource on adolescent sexual health than the intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Parent Reported Frequency of Parent-child Communication About Relationships, Sex, and Media From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about relationships, sex, and media. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Reported Frequency of Parent-child Communication About Relationships, Sex, and Media From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about relationships, sex, and media. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Reported Frequency of Parent-child Communication About Relationships, Sex, and Media From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about relationships, sex, and media. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Reported Frequency of Parent-child Communication About Relationships, Sex, and Media From Pretest to Follow-up.	Child questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about relationships, sex, and media. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Parental Perceived Importance of Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1 =not at all important - 4=very important) how important they think it is to engage in parent-child communication about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., reasons to wait to have sex). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Level of Comfort With Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=not at all comfortable - 4=very comfortable) how comfortable they are engaging in parent-child communication about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., reasons to wait to have sex). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Reservations About Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about communicating with their child about sex (e.g., It would embarrass me to talk about sex and birth control with my child). Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Outcome Expectancies Related to Communicating With Their Child About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about the outcomes of communicating with their child about sex (e.g., I will feel proud). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Self-efficacy to Engage in Communication With Their Child About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 7-point scale (1=not sure at all - 7=completely sure) how sure they are that they can explain to their child about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., how pregnancy happens). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Reported Parent-child Communication Quality From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to parent-child communication (e.g., My child and I can talk about almost anything.) Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Reported Parent-child Communication Quality From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to parent-child communication (e.g., My parent and I can talk about almost anything.) Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Skepticism of Media Messages From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Skepticism of Media Messages From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Perceived Realism of Media Messages From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Perceived Realism of Media Messages From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Sexual Media Exposure From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently they consume various media (e.g., Think about your average week. How often do you watch television shows?), and the sexual content of the media they consume (e.g., How would you rate the amount of sexual content in the television shows you watch? No sexual content, A little sexual content, Some sexual content, A lot of sexual content). Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Risky Online Behaviors From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 5-point scale (1=Never; 2=Rarely; 3=Sometimes; 4=Often; 5=Always) how often they have experienced several online situations (e.g., been exposed to sexual content online). Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Intentions to Engage in Sexual Activity From Pretest to Posttest	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale how likely it is that they will engage in sexual activity (e.g., How likely is it that you will have sex in the next year?) (1=Not likely at all, 2=Unlikely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely) Participant's responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Willingness to Engage in Unwanted Sexual Activity From Pretest to Posttest	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Very unwilling - 4=Very willing) their willingness to engage in sexual activity if they were not sure that they wanted to. Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Report of Parental Evaluative Media Mediation From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in evaluative media mediation related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Report of Parental Evaluative Media Mediation From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several evaluative mediation behaviors related to media use and rules.Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Attitudes About Teen Sex From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about teen sex. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Sexual Abstinence Self-efficacy Form Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to abstaining from sexual activity. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Contraception Self-efficacy From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to contraception. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Supportive Parenting - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Always) how much they agree with several statements related to how often their parent engages in certain behaviors (e.g., How often does your parent let you know they care about you?). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Supportive Parenting - Parent Report From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Always) how much they agree with several statements related to how often they engage in certain behaviors (e.g., How often do you let your child know you care about them?). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest;
Change in Parents Perceived Role in Child's Sexual Health Education From Pretest to Posttest	The parent questionnaire asks, "I feel that someone else would do a better job teaching my child about sex and relationships." Parents respond to this question on a 4-point scale [Strongly disagree - Strongly agree]. Lower scores indicate more disagreement with the statement.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Frequency of Parent-child Sexual Health Discussions - Parent Report From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about sex and romantic relationships (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Frequency of Parent-child Sexual Health Discussions - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about sex and relationships. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Media Message Completeness - Parent Report From Pretest to Posttest	Participant views a print advertisement and parent questionnaire asks, "How complete is the information in this advertisement?" Participants respond to this question on a 5-point scale [Incomplete-Complete]. Lower scores represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Media Message Completeness - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Participant views a print advertisement and child questionnaire asks, "How complete is the information in this advertisement?" Participants respond to this question on a 5-point scale [Incomplete-Complete]. Lower scores represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Report of Parental Restrictive Media Mediation From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several restrictive mediation behaviors related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Report of Parental Restrictive Media Mediation From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several restrictive mediation behaviors related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Willingness to Engage in Unprotected Sexual Activity From Pretest to Posttest	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Very unwilling - 4=Very willing) their willingness to engage in unprotected sexual activity. Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Attitudes Toward Teen Contraception Use - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participant to indicate their extent of agreement or disagreement on a 4-point scale [strongly disagree - strongly agree] with several statements about teen contraception us (e.g., condoms should always be used if a teen has sex.) Higher score indicates more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Intentions to Communicate With a Medical Professional From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate "Before deciding to have sex, how likely would you be to talk to your doctor or other medical professional?" Participants indicate their likelihood on a 4-point scale [1=Not at all likely; 2=Unlikely; 3=Likely; 4=Very likely]. Higher score indicates a more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Attitudes Toward Sexual Communication - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate their level of agreement on a 4-point scale [Strongly disagree - Strongly agree] to several statements about sexual communication (e.g., Before deciding to have sex, I believe teens should talk with their partner about pregnancy.). Higher scores indicate more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Parental Permissiveness Toward Teen Sex - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Youth reported on their perceptions of their parent's permissiveness regarding their sexual activity (five items; 4-point Likert scale; Strongly disagree to Strongly agree; α=.76). Sample items include "My parent would approve of my having sex at this time in my life." Higher values indicate that the youth believes their parent is more permissive of their sexual activity as a teen.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Normative Beliefs About Teen Sex - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Youth reported on the proportion of teens they believe are engaging in sexual behavior: "What percentage of teens are having sex? [(0% (no teens) to 100% (all teens)]."	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Family Having Rules About Media Use - Parent Report From Pretest to Posttest	Parent questionnaire asked parents to report about the media rules in their family, "Does your family have rules about media use? (one item; Yes, No, Unsure).	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Awareness of Family Having Rules About Media Use - Child Report From Pretest to Posttest	Child questionnaire asked child to report about the media rules in their family, "Does your family have rules about media use? (one item; Yes, No, Unsure). Participants selected either 'Yes,' 'No,' or 'Unsure' (no and unsure were combined for analyses).	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) posttest questionnaire - 4 weeks after pretest
Change in Parental Perceived Importance of Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1 =not at all important - 4=very important) how important they think it is to engage in parent-child communication about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., reasons to wait to have sex). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Level of Comfort With Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=not at all comfortable - 4=very comfortable) how comfortable they are engaging in parent-child communication about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., reasons to wait to have sex). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Reservations About Parent-child Communication About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about communicating with their child about sex (e.g., It would embarrass me to talk about sex and birth control with my child). Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Outcome Expectancies Related to Communicating With Their Child About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about the outcomes of communicating with their child about sex (e.g., I will feel proud). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Self-efficacy to Engage in Communication With Their Child About Relationship and Sexual Health From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to report on a 7-point scale (1=not sure at all - 7=completely sure) how sure they are that they can explain to their child about several relationship and sexual health topics (e.g., how pregnancy happens). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Reported Parent-child Communication Quality From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to parent-child communication (e.g., My child and I can talk about almost anything.) Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Reported Parent-child Communication Quality From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to parent-child communication (e.g., My parent and I can talk about almost anything.) Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Skepticism of Media Messages From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Skepticism of Media Messages From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Perceived Realism of Media Messages From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Sexual Media Exposure From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently they consume various media (e.g., Think about your average week. How often do you watch television shows?), and the sexual content of the media they consume (e.g., How would you rate the amount of sexual content in the television shows you watch? No sexual content, A little sexual content, Some sexual content, A lot of sexual content). Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Risky Online Behaviors From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 5-point scale (1=Never; 2=Rarely; 3=Sometimes; 4=Often; 5=Always) how often they have experienced several online situations (e.g., been exposed to sexual content online). Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Intentions to Engage in Sexual Activity From Pretest to Follow-up	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale how likely it is that they will engage in sexual activity (e.g., How likely is it that you will have sex in the next year?) (1=Not likely at all, 2=Unlikely, 3=Likely, 4=Very likely) Participant's responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Willingness to Engage in Unwanted Sexual Activity From Pretest to Follow-up	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Very unwilling - 4=Very willing) their willingness to engage in sexual activity if they were not sure that they wanted to. Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Report of Parental Evaluative Media Mediation From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in evaluative media mediation related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Report of Parental Evaluative Media Mediation From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several evaluative mediation behaviors related to media use and rules.Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Attitudes About Teen Sex From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about teen sex. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Sexual Abstinence Self-efficacy From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to abstaining from sexual activity. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Contraception Self-efficacy From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements related to contraception. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Supportive Parenting - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Always) how much they agree with several statements related to how often their parent engages in certain behaviors (e.g., How often does your parent let you know they care about you?). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Supportive Parenting - Parent Report Form Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to indicate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Always) how much they agree with several statements related to how often they engage in certain behaviors (e.g., How often do you let your child know you care about them?). Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parents Perceived Role in Child's Sexual Health Education From Pretest to Follow-up	The parent questionnaire asks, "I feel that someone else would do a better job teaching my child about sex and relationships." Parents respond to this question on a 4-point scale [Strongly disagree - Strongly agree]. Lower scores indicate more disagreement with the statement.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Frequency of Parent-child Sexual Health Discussions - Parent Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about sex and romantic relationships (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 3) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Frequency of Parent-child Sexual Health Discussions - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaires ask participants how frequently they engage in parent-child communication about sex and relationships. (1. Never; 2. Rarely; 3. Sometimes; 4. Often). Higher numbers represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) ) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Media Message Completeness - Parent Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Participant views a print advertisement and parent questionnaire asks, "How complete is the information in this advertisement?" Participants respond to this question on a 5-point scale [Incomplete-Complete]. Lower scores represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Media Message Completeness - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Participant views a print advertisement and child questionnaire asks, "How complete is the information in this advertisement?" Participants respond to this question on a 5-point scale [Incomplete-Complete]. Lower scores represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Report of Parental Restrictive Media Mediation From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several restrictive mediation behaviors related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Child Report of Parental Restrictive Media Mediation From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to rate on a 4-point scale (1=Never - 4=Often) how frequently the parent engages in several restrictive mediation behaviors related to media use and rules. Item responses will be averaged, and higher values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Willingness to Engage in Unprotected Sexual Activity From Pretest to Follow-up	The child questionnaire asks participants to report on a 4-point scale (1=Very unwilling - 4=Very willing) their willingness to engage in unprotected sexual activity. Lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Attitudes Toward Teen Contraception Use - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participant to indicate their extent of agreement or disagreement on a 4-point scale [strongly disagree - strongly agree] with several statements about teen contraception us (e.g., condoms should always be used if a teen has sex.) Higher score indicates more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Intentions to Communicate With a Medical Professional From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate "Before deciding to have sex, how likely would you be to talk to your doctor or other medical professional?" Participants indicate their likelihood on a 4-point scale [1=Not at all likely; 2=Unlikely; 3=Likely; 4=Very likely]. Higher score indicates a more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Attitudes Toward Sexual Communication - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asks participants to indicate their level of agreement on a 4-point scale [Strongly disagree - Strongly agree] to several statements about sexual communication (e.g., Before deciding to have sex, I believe teens should talk with their partner about pregnancy.). Higher scores indicate more favorable outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Perceived Parental Permissiveness Toward Teen Sex - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Youth reported on their perceptions of their parent's permissiveness regarding their sexual activity (five items; 4-point Likert scale; Strongly disagree to Strongly agree; α=.76). Sample items include "My parent would approve of my having sex at this time in my life." Higher values indicate that the youth believes their parent is more permissive of their sexual activity as a teen.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Normative Beliefs About Teen Sex - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Youth reported on the proportion of teens they believe are engaging in sexual behavior: "What percentage of teens are having sex? [(0% (no teens) to 100% (all teens)]."	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Family Having Rules About Media Use - Parent Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asked parents to report about the media rules in their family, "Does your family have rules about media use? (one item; Yes, No, Unsure).	1) pretest questionnaire;2) follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Awareness of Family Having Rules About Media Use - Child Report From Pretest to Follow-up	Child questionnaire asked child to report about the media rules in their family, "Does your family have rules about media use? (one item; Yes, No, Unsure). Participants selected either 'Yes,' 'No,' or 'Unsure' (no and unsure were combined for analyses).	1) pretest questionnaire; 2)follow-up questionnaire - 24 weeks after pretest
Change in Parent Perceived Realism of Media Messages From Pretest to Follow-up	Parent questionnaire asks participants on a 4-point scale (1=Strongly disagree - 4=Strongly agree) how much they agree with several statements about media. Item responses will be averaged, and lower values represent a better outcome.	1) pretest questionnaire; 2) follow-up - 24 weeks after pretest

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Innovation Research & Training

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 15, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 20, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): June 20, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 13, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 29, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): September 4, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 10, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 18, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: R44HD082968 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No