Effects of Massage Between Sets of an Intense Isokinetic Exercise- Protocol of Knee Extensors in Tae Kwon Do Athletes

Effects of Massage Between Sets of an Intense Isokinetic Exercise- Protocol of Knee Extensors in Tae Kwon Do Athletes on Knee Range of Motion, Thigh Circumference and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

26 Tae Kwon Do athletes performed a vigorous exercise program on the isokinetic dynamometer twice in a period of 10 days, each time on a different extremity. In this way two groups of 26 individuals each were created, with the same individuals alternating. In the massage group (MG) a sport massage was applied between the sets while in the control group (NMG) the break was passive.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Athletic Performance
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Isokinetic intense exercise protocol; Other: Massage treatment

Detailed Description

Objective: Τo investigate the effects of massage in athletic performance when applied during intervals of an intense isokinetic exercise protocol for knee extensor muscles.

Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Participants: 26 Tae Kwon Do athletes performed a vigorous exercise program on the isokinetic dynamometer twice in a period of 10 days, each time on a different extremity. In this way two groups of 26 individuals each were created, with the same individuals alternating. In the massage group (MG) a sport massage was applied between the sets while in the control group (CG) the break was passive.

Main Outcome Measures: knee flexion and extension ROM, thigh circumference, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in blood plasma were measured before and after each test while L-DOMS was measured 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the exercise.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Greece
  • Central Makedonia
    • Thessaloníki, Central Makedonia, Greece, 57001
      • Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 25 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Professional athletes
• Age range between 18-25.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Conduction of any strengthening exercises on the day before the tests
• Musculoskeletal injury during the last six months
• Background of knee trauma and/or surgery

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Massage group (ME); A sport massage was applied between the sets of an intense isokinetic exercise protocol for knee extensor muscles	Other: Isokinetic intense exercise protocol; The isokinetic protocol included 6 sets of 10 maximum efforts at 60 °/s of one leg with a 2-minute break between the sets.; Other: Massage treatment; Massage consisted of stroking (30") and petrissage (50") for muscle relaxation, then friction (10"), pincement and clapping (30") to prepare muscles for the next set.
Active Comparator: Control; the break between the sets of an intense isokinetic exercise protocol for knee extensor muscles was passive	Other: Isokinetic intense exercise protocol; The isokinetic protocol included 6 sets of 10 maximum efforts at 60 °/s of one leg with a 2-minute break between the sets.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in Active Knee Range of Motion (ROM)	The ROM of knee flexion and extension was measured before and after the exercise program application in both trials. In particular, the active knee extension was measured in the supine position and the active flexion in the prone position using a universal type goniometer.	day 1: pre-treatment, after- treatment, day: 10 pre-treatment, after- treatment
Changes in creatine kinase (CK) levels in blood plasma	Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the isokinetic protocol to determine whether the exercise program caused fatigue and muscle damage. The blood sample was analyzed to determine CK activity levels in blood plasma using an in-vitro quantitative assay followed by a photometer	day 1: pre-treatment, after- treatment, day: 10 pre-treatment, after- treatment
Changes in thigh circumference	The circumference of the thigh was measured with a tape measure before the test and after the exercise program at fixed spots at a distance of 10 and 20 cm from the center of the patella	day 1: pre-treatment, after- treatment, day: 10 pre-treatment, after- treatment
Changes in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)	The DOMS measurement for the lower extremities (L-DOMS) was performed with the VAS scale 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the completion of the program. The VAS scale was tentative where 1 corresponded to "no soreness" and 10 to "very, very sore". The L-DOMS was assessed according to Doma et al1,22 and according to Jakeman et al, through questioning after they completed a body weight squat until their knees were flexed to approximately 90°	day 1: 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after-exercise, day 10: 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after-exercise

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in concentric and eccentric torque	During the baseline testing session, the maximum concentric and eccentric torque of knee extensors at 60 °/s was measured with the Cybex Norm.The participant then sat in the armchair of the isokinetic dynamometer with his arms crossed in the chest. Two crossed straps held the torso firmly on the back of the armchair and a belt with an additional strap held the pelvis still. Each participant performed 3 maximal efforts with each leg and the best of the 3 efforts was recorded.	day 1: pre-treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki
• Investigators: Study Director: Evaggelos Sykaras, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 20, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): June 20, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 29, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 3, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): May 5, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 9, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 8, 2020
• Last Verified: May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: sport massage; delayed onset muscle soreness; muscles recovery; continuous concentric eccentric exercise
• Other Study ID Numbers: EC-9/2020

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No