A Study to Evaluate Pharyngeal Immunity to Poliovirus Type-2

A Phase IV Open-label, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate Pharyngeal Immunity to Poliovirus Type-2 in Healthy bOPV- Versus IPV-vaccinated Infants

The study will compare the poliovirus type-2 pharyngeal mucosal excretion in the first week, and at 2 and 4 weeks following the administration of a challenge novel OPV2 (nOPV2) dose at 18 weeks of age in 2 parallel groups of infants

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Poliomyelitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: nOPV2

Detailed Description

In the light of the switch from OPV to IPV and the continued presence of cVDPV2 in many countries, it is important to understand and quantify the impact of IPV on pharyngeal mucosal immunity, to inform whether and to what extent the mucosal and humoral immune response following IPV could reduce transmission and spread.

This study will assess the effect of vaccination with IPV in parallel with poliovirus type-2 naïve infants (infants having received bOPV) on the pharyngeal and fecal shedding and the induction of immunity following type-2 poliovirus challenge. This understanding would provide critical information on the potential use of IPV in specific settings to interrupt transmission / reduce spread. The results from this study may potentially have important consequences on public health policy in countries which use IPV for infant priming, as they will help to show the extent to which a type-2 mucosal immunity gap remains following a primary series of IPV.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 501
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Bangladesh
  • Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1212
    • International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 month to 1 month (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Infants aged 6 to 8 weeks with birth weight >2,500 g.
2. Healthy infants without obvious medical conditions like immunodeficiency diseases, severe congenital malformations, severe neurological diseases or any other disease that require high doses of corticosteroids or immunotherapies that preclude the subject from participating in the study as established by the medical history and physical examination.
3. Written informed consent obtained from both parents or legal guardian(s) as per country regulations.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Infants who have received previous vaccination against poliomyelitis.
2. Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or known immunodeficient condition including human immunodeficiency virus infection in the potential participant or any member of the subject's household.
3. Family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
4. Major congenital defects or serious uncontrolled chronic illness (neurologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or endocrine).
5. Known allergy to any component of the study vaccines or to any antibiotics that share molecular composition with a component of the study vaccines.
6. Uncontrolled coagulopathy or blood disorder contraindicating intramuscular injections (of IPV)
7. Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period.
8. Acute severe febrile illness on the day of vaccination deemed by the Investigator to be a contraindication for vaccination (the child can be included at a later time if within age window and all inclusion criteria are met.).
9. Subject who, in the opinion of the Investigator, is unlikely to comply with the protocol or is inappropriate to be included in the study for the safety or the benefit-risk ratio of the subject.
10. Infants from multiple births or born prematurely (< 37 weeks of gestation).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: IPV-primed Group; Approximately 250 subjects to receive 3 doses of IPV administered at approx. 6, 10, 14 weeks of age and an nOPV2-002 challenge at approx. 18 weeks of age.	Biological: nOPV2; Vaccination
Active Comparator: bOPV-primed Group; Approximately 250 subjects to receive 3 doses of bOPV administered at approx. 6, 10, 14 weeks of age and an nOPV2-002 challenge at approx. 18 weeks of age.	Biological: nOPV2; Vaccination

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants Shedding Detectable Levels of Poliovirus Type-2 by RT PCR.	To compare the presence of poliovirus type-2 in pharyngeal samples detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) in the first week, and at D14 and D28 in both groups.	1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pharyngeal Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) to Poliovirus Type-2.	To assess and compare the pharyngeal NAbs poliovirus type-2 activity on D0, D14 and D28 in both groups.	1 month
Seroprotection Rate to Poliovirus Type-2 on D0, D28 and D56 in Both Groups.	To assess the humoral immunogenicity to poliovirus type-2 at D0, 4 and 8 weeks following administration of a challenge dose of nOPV2 in both groups. Seroprotection is defined as neutralizing type-2 poliovirus antibody specific titers ≥1:8.	2 months
Number of Participants That Experienced Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Important Medical Events (IMEs)	To assess the number of subjects experiencing SAEs and IMEs following administration of IPV, bOPV and nOPV2 throughout the whole study period.	5 months
Pharyngeal Poliovirus Type-2-specific Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Concentrations	To asses and compare the pharyngeal mucosal immunoglobulin class-specific immune response to poliovirus type-2 at Day 0, 2 and 4 weeks following administration of a challenge dose of nOPV2 in both groups.This is measured in geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) in nasal samples on D0, D14 and D28 in both groups.	1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fidec Corporation
• Collaborators: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Zaman K, Bandyopadhyay AS, Gast C, Goswami DR, Hoque M, Raqib R, Hossain L, Haque W, Islam A, Rashid HO, Rahman M, Aguirre G, Brickley EB, Godin A, Weiner JA, Burke RM, Ackerman ME, Sifontes G, Mainou BA, Wright PF, Ruttimann R. Effect of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on nasal mucosal immunity and pharyngeal shedding following novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 challenge: A randomized, open-label trial. J Infect Dis. 2026 Aug 18:jiag423. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiag423. Online ahead of print.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 9, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 20, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): August 25, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 9, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 22, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): January 10, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 3, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 1, 2026
• Last Verified: September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Enterovirus Infections; Picornaviridae Infections; Spinal Cord Diseases; Central Nervous System Infections; Myelitis; Poliomyelitis
• Other Study ID Numbers: IPV-005-ABMG

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No