Long Term Effects of Action Observation Therapy and Mirror Therapy on Upper Limb Functions

November 18, 2025 updated by: Riphah International University

Long Term Effects of Action Observation Therapy and Mirror Therapy on Upper Limb Functional and Fine Motor Outcomes After Subacute Stroke

There will be a long term effects of action observation therapy and mirror therapy on upper limb functional outcomes after subacute stroke.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

However, no study is conducted to check the retention rate of both therapies. My study will check the retention rate of these interventions in stroke. If we are able to know long lasting effects of this particular regime, we can incorporate this cost-effective intervention into our clinical setups for stroke rehabilitation.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

44

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Gujrat, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 50700
        • Mid city Hospital Gujrat

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Both male and female
  • 1 to 6 months since unilateral stroke onset
  • Age between 40 and 70 years.
  • Baseline score of the FMA motor score between 20 and 40
  • Ability to follow the study instructions according to Montreal cognitive scale and score should be >24.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with depression who will be unable to cooperate during treatment and Cardiopulmonary diseases which could hinder their ability to participate in rehabilitation
  • Visual and auditory abnormalities
  • Major medical problems or comorbidities that influenced the usage of the upper limbs or caused severe pain.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Action Observation Therapy group
The patients in the action observation therapy group will be required to observe the upper limb movements or functional actions in video clips (i.e., the observation phase) and to execute what they had observed to the best of their ability (i.e., the execution phase.
Other: Action observation Therapy
The patients in the AOT group will be required to observe the upper limb movements or functional actions in video clips and to execute what they had observed to the best of their ability.
Experimental: Mirror Therapy Group
During the mirror therapy, the patients were seated in front of a mirror box placed at their midsagittal plane. The affected arm of the participants was placed inside the mirror box, and the unaffected arm was in front of the mirror. The patient was instructed to watch the mirror reflection of the movement performed by his/her unaffected hand carefully and to imagine that the movement was performed by the affected hand.
Other: Mirror Therapy
The patients will be seated in front of a mirror box placed at their midsagittal plane to perform the movements. The affected arm of the participants was placed inside of the mirror box, and the unaffected arm was infront ofthe mirror.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fugel Meyer assessment of upper limb
Time Frame: 4,5,6,7,8 week
A three-point ordinal scale is used to measure impairments of volitional movement with grades ranging from 0 (item cannot be performed) to 2 (item can be fully performed). Specific descriptions for performance accompany individual test items. Subtests exist for UE function, LE function, balance, sensation, ROM, and pain. The cumulative test score for all components is 226 with availability of specific subtest scores (e.g., UE maximum score is 66, LE score 34; balance score 14). This instrument has good construct validity and high reliability (r =0.99) for determining motor function and balance. Quantifiable outcome data allow this instrument to be accurately used for research purposes (a gold standard) and document recovery over time. The instrument requires an estimated 30 to 40 minutes to administer.
4,5,6,7,8 week
Functional Independence Measure
Time Frame: 4,5,6,7,8 week
The FIM instrumentIncludes measures of independence for self-care, including sphincter control, transfers, locomotion, communication, and social cognition. Is an 18-item, seven-level, ordinal scale intended to be sensitive to changes over the course of a comprehensive inpatient medical rehabilitation program.
4,5,6,7,8 week
Short form of the Stroke Impact Scale (SF-SIS)
Time Frame: 4,5,6,7,8 week
The eight items determined from the SIS 3.0 for the SF-SIS by MacIsaac et al.For this reason, we refrained from a renewed process of translation and intercultural adaptation of these eight questions. As with the SIS 2.0, the rating is based on a 5-point Likert scale (1-5 points). The raw sum score of the eight questions with a range from 8 to 40 points is converted into an interval-scaled total index of 0-100 points, the SF-SIS index. Higher scores indicate a better quality of life.
4,5,6,7,8 week
Wolf motor function test
Time Frame: 4,5,6,7,8 week

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) quantifies upper extremity movement ability through timed single- or multiple-joint motions and functional tasks.1 The tasks are arranged in order of complexity, progress from proximal to distal joint involvement, test total extremity movement and movement speed, and require few tools and minimal training for test execution. The present study establishes the reliability and validity of the WMFT (Assessing Wolf Motor Function Test as Outcome Measure for Research in Patients After Stroke.) The original version consisted of 21 items; the widely used version of the WMFT consists of 17 items Composed of 3 parts:

  • Time
  • Functional ability
  • Strength
4,5,6,7,8 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Ayesha Bashir, MS, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

February 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 31, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 31, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

September 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 21, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 18, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/01666 Kainat Basit

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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