Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions for Diabetic Patients

September 8, 2025 updated by: Arkers, Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Promoting Self-management Behaviours Among Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus by Integrating Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions in Mobile Health Applications: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The addition of proactive nurse consultations was useful to older adults with diabetes mellitus in facilitating their chronic disease self-management. However, the service is time and resource-intensive. With the support of advanced technology, mhealth App seems to be a convenient way to support patients in managing diabetes.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study examines the effectiveness of mhealth App plus nurse consultations in promoting self-management behaviours for diabetic patients.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

184

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Hong Kong
      • Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • Recruiting
        • District Health Center
        • Contact:
          • Stella Au, MSc
          • Phone Number: +85234003805

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • With a confirmed DM diagnosis for one year or more than one year
  • Using governmental mhealth App
  • Living in an area with Internet coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Already engaged in other mHealth programmes
  • Physical and cognitive limitations

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Just-in-time Intervention
They will receive just-in-time intervention and 3 monthly nursing consultations.
Behavioral: Just-in-time intervention
The intervention group participants will receive just-in-time intervention from a developed app for healthy behavior reminder
Active Comparator: Active Control
They will receive 6 bi-weekly nursing consultations.
Behavioral: Active control
The control group participants will receive six nursing consultations during the 3-month program period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in HbA1c
Time Frame: baseline, three-month, and six-month
Measured using the A1C Now device, with blood drawn from the subjects' finger
baseline, three-month, and six-month
Diabetic self-management behaviour
Time Frame: baseline, three-month, and six-month
measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-care. Total scores range from 0 to 42, with higher scores representing better self-management performance. Activities questionnaire
baseline, three-month, and six-month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in quality of life
Time Frame: baseline, three-month, and six-month

By using the Chinese version of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Total score ranges from 0 to 100, higher the better.

version 2
baseline, three-month, and six-month
Change in medication adherence
Time Frame: baseline, three-month, and six-month
Measure this by using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale. Scores from 12 to 48, higher score better medication adherence.
baseline, three-month, and six-month
Change in health service utilization
Time Frame: baseline, three-month, and six-month
Measure the total number of unscheduled visits to general out-patient departments, general practitioners, emergency departments, and hospitals, and the total frequency of health service attendance
baseline, three-month, and six-month
Cost
Time Frame: three-month, and six-month
The cost of the app, including development of new features and maintenance costs, will be estimated from the provider and societal perspectives, including the subjects' travelling costs and time. An ingredient approach will be adopted to estimate the cost.
three-month, and six-month
satisfaction with the JITAIs, as well as usability and technical problems
Time Frame: three-month
using semi-structured group interviews with the intervention group participants
three-month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Arkers Wong, PhD, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Principal Investigator: Arkers NR Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

February 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 14, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 14, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

June 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

September 15, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 8, 2025

Last Verified

September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • AWong

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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