Investigating the Association Between Central Sensitization and Breathing Pattern Disorders

Investigating the Association Between Central Sensitization and Breathing Pattern Disorders : A STROBE-compliant Cross-sectional Study

Breathing pattern disorders can cause mechanical, physiological, and psychological issues in the body, contributing to the initiation and chronicity of pain. Therefore, considering breathing patterns is significant in managing chronic pain, yet direct research on central sensitization and breathing pattern disorders remains scant. This study aims to analyze the correlation between central sensitization and breathing pattern disorders in adults by assessing both respiration and pain.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Central Sensitisation

Detailed Description

Breathing pattern disorders impact consciousness and the body according to respiratory patterns, leading to physiological, mechanical, and psychological disturbances. Unlike normal breathing patterns facilitated by appropriate diaphragmatic activity, incorrect patterns often exhibit reduced diaphragmatic engagement. Chest breathing patterns are prevalent among chronic pain patients, characterized by limited upper chest segment movement due to prolonged improper respiration without specific pathological symptoms. Fluoroscopy studies reveal flattened and tense diaphragms with diminished relative mobility, implicating accessory and inspiratory muscles more heavily in ventilation. Biologically unsustainable functional breathing patterns correlate with chronic musculoskeletal issues and pain. Prior research establishes associations between inappropriate breathing patterns and chronic lower back pain and scapular dysfunctions. Consequently, managing chronic pain clinically necessitates functional recovery and pain relief, crucial for sustaining daily life. Therefore, researching central adaptations and respiration in chronic pain management is imperative, yet remains insufficiently explored.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 40

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Hyeonmo Im, BSc; Phone Number: +82)1066855354; Email: gwg04273@naver.com

Study Locations

• Korea, Republic of
  • Gwangju, Korea, Republic of, 62399
    • Honam University
    • Contact: Hyeonmo Im, BSc; Phone Number: +82)1066855354; Email: gwg04273@naver.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Participants were voluntarily recruited from church members who complained of symptoms of central sensitization and were registered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 18 and above.
• Individuals scoring 40 or above on the Central Sensitization Inventory for Koreans (CSI-K).
• Individuals who consent to the use and publication of their personal information and wish to participate in assessment measurements.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with pulmonary, cardiac, or respiratory diseases.
• Individuals with severe hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg.
• Individuals with cognitive impairments.
• Individuals who express a desire to withdraw from the study during its duration.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
central sensitization; Individuals who scored above 40 on the Central Sensitization Inventory for Koreans (CSI-K) assessment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Respiratory function	This study utilized the Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ) to assess respiratory function. The SEBQ is a self-administered questionnaire designed to measure symptoms and severity associated with respiratory dysfunction. It consists of 25 items, each rated on a 4-point scale (0 = not at all, to 3 = very much so), with a total possible score ranging from 0 to 75. While there is no definitive cutoff score for the SEBQ, experts consider a total score above 25 to indicate a problem with respiratory function. The SEBQ has a test-retest reliability (ICC) of 0.89 and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of 0.93.	During the assessment period

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sahmyook University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Hyunjoong Kim, PhD, Gwangju Health University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): July 3, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 31, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 25, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): July 3, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 3, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: chronic pain; central sensitization; breathing pattern disorders
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Aspiration
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1014223-202405-HR-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No