Foot Positions Affect Basketball Players With Flatfoot

Effect of Various Initial Foot Positions on Proprioception, Balance, Jump, and Electromyographical Muscle Activity in Basketball Players With Flatfoot and Chronic Ankle Instability: A Cross-sectional Study

This study investigated the effect of various initial foot positions on knee and ankle proprioception, balance, dynamic balance, vertical jump, and electromyographical muscle activity in basketball players with FF.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Proprioception; Balance; EMG; Jumping Performance

Detailed Description

Objective: To investigate the effect of various initial foot positions on knee and ankle proprioception, balance, dynamic balance, vertical jump, and electromyographical muscle activity in basketball players with FF.

Methods: Eighty-four basketball players with chronic ankle instability were distributed to three groups (28 with flexible FF, 28 with rigid FF, and 28 without FF). The outcome measures will include static and dynamic balance, knee and ankle proprioception, vertical jump, and electromyography (EMG) of ankle muscles (including gastrocnemius (GE), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles)

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 84

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Beni Suef
    • Banī Suwayf, Beni Suef, Egypt
      • Nahda University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Basketball players with chronic ankle instability

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The presence of flatfoot in the dominant leg.
• The presence of chonic ankle instability

Exclusion Criteria:

• The exclusion criteria were the existence of limited hallux dorsiflexion
• previous hip, pelvis, knee, or foot surgeries within the last year; obesity or pregnancy; leg-length discrepancies;
• Had any vestibular disorder neurological disorder, brain concussion within the last 3 months that may cause balance impairment; or administering any drugs that could disturb alertness or balance

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
flexible FF; 28 basketball player with flexible flatfoot and chronic ankle instability
Rigid FF; 28 basketball player with rigid flatfoot and chronic ankle instability
Control; 28 basketball player without flatfoot but chronic ankle instability

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Knee proprioception with repositioning error test	The knee proprioception will be measured using the repositioning error test on the dominant leg to measure the absolute angular error. This test will assess the ability of the participant to reproduce a previously performed position (45 and 15 degrees of knee flexion).	3 months
Ankle proprioception with angular error measurement test	This test will assess the ability of the participant to reproduce previously performed ankle positions (15° dorsiflexion and 15° plantar flexion.)	3 months
Static balance with The Y-Balance test	The Y-Balance test will be used to evaluate static balance 27. The test will assess the ability of the participant to maintain balance while reaching as far as possible in all three directions (anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) directions).	3 months
Dynamic balance with Biodex Balance device	In this study, dynamic balance will be measured by the Biodex Balance System (Biodex 945-302, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., New York, USA). The Biodex Balance System has been demonstrated to be a reliable and validated instrument to assess dynamic balance. The biodex will assess the anteroposterior and lateral stability.	3 months
Vertical jump height with vertical jump tester	A vertical jump tester (Sports Imports, Columbus, OH)32 will be utilized to evaluate the vertical jump height in cm of each participant. The achieved height distance in cm in each step will be recorded, and the maximum height will be used in the statistical analysis.	3 months
Electromyographical activity (EMG) during one-leg standing	A wireless surface EMG system will record electromyographical signals (EMG) of ankle muscles, including gastrocnemius (GE), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles.	3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beni-Suef University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 15, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 28, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): April 29, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 29, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 28, 2025
• Last Verified: April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: electromyography; balance; flatfoot; propioception; basket ball players
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Talipes; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Congenital Abnormalities; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Foot Deformities; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Flatfoot
• Other Study ID Numbers: BNS2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No