The Effect of Music Therapy and the 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise

February 20, 2026 updated by: Hakime Aslan, Inonu University

The Effect of Music Therapy and the 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise Technique on Anxiety Management Among Nursing Students During IV Drug Administration Education:Randomized Controled Trial

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy and 4-7-8 breathing exercises in managing anxiety among nursing students during IV drug administration education.

Method: This study was conducted using a randomized controlled experimental research model. The study was conducted between March and July 2025 with first-year nursing students studying at the Faculty of Nursing at a university in eastern Turkey. The sample consisted of 97 students (music therapy group: 32, 4-7-8 breathing exercise group: 32, control group: 33), determined using Power analysis. Data were collected using a "Personal Information Form" and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form TX-I), which measures state anxiety levels.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

When nursing students came to the laboratory application, a personal information form and state anxiety inventory were administered. During the laboratory practice (1st Lesson - 40 min.) and 2nd Lesson (40 min.), instrumental Turkish classical music in the Hüseynî mode was played at the same volume through computer speakers. The state anxiety inventory was administered again at the end of the 2nd lesson.

Students were given information about the 4-7-8 breathing technique. The 4-7-8 breathing exercise was performed once (6 breaths) before the start of the laboratory practice (1st lesson - 40 min) and before the 2nd lesson (40 min). The State Anxiety Inventory was administered again after the breathing exercises.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

97

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Students enrolled in the first year of nursing,
  • Taking the IV drug administration course for the first time,
  • Volunteering to participate in the study were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Students repeating the course, students who graduated from health-related fields,
  • Students who did not volunteer to participate in the study were excluded from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control group
Experimental: Music therapy
Behavioral: Music therapy
When nursing students came to the laboratory application, a personal information form and state anxiety inventory were administered. During the laboratory practice (1st Lesson - 40 min.) and 2nd Lesson (40 min.), instrumental Turkish classical music in the Hüseynî mode was played at the same volume through computer speakers. The state anxiety inventory was administered again at the end of the 2nd lesson.
Experimental: 4-7-8 breathing exercise
Behavioral: breathing exercise
When nursing students arrived for the laboratory application, the personal information form and state anxiety inventory were administered. Students were given information about the 4-7-8 breathing technique. The 4-7-8 breathing exercise was performed once (6 breaths) before the start of the laboratory practice (1st lesson - 40 min) and before the 2nd lesson (40 min). The State Anxiety Inventory was administered again after the breathing exercises.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Effect of State Anxiety
Time Frame: 3 hours

When nursing students came to the laboratory application, state anxiety inventory were administered. During the laboratory practice (1st Lesson - 40 min.) and 2nd Lesson (40 min.), instrumental Turkish classical music in the Hüseynî mode was played at the same volume through computer speakers. The 4-7-8 breathing exercise was performed once (6 breaths) before the start of the laboratory practice (1st lesson - 40 min) and before the 2nd lesson (40 min). The state anxiety inventory was administered again at the end of the 2nd lesson.

State Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form TX-I): The reliability of the original inventory was first examined by Spielberger et al. (1964). The Turkish adaptation and standardization of the scale were conducted by Öner and Le Compte.Higher total scores indicate higher levels of state anxiety.
3 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Inonu University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 15, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

July 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 20, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 23, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 20, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Hakime Sln

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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