Beverage Hydration Index of Different Solutions

Comparison of the Beverage Hydration Index of Different Solutions

In this study, the impact of two electrolyte hydration stick products (Hydramin containing an electrolyte/amino acid formulation and an identical electrolyte product with the amino-acids replaced with carbohydrate, dextrose) dissolved in 1 liter of water will be assessed and compared to a control (1 liter Smart Water). It is hypothesized that the addition of amino acids and glycine should improve the Beverage Hydration Index above water alone and perform comparably to the carbohydrate rich solution.

This study will focus on general population (not athletes) and follow very similar approaches used in previous studies within the Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplements Research, with the addition of blood glucose testing and body water measurements. Hydration will be assessed via fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and calculations of beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water)as well as time in positive fluid balance, and specific gravity, and sodium and potassium in urine. Blood glucose before and following consumption using finger pricks and a glucometer will also be assessed.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Hydration
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; Dietary supplement: Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jacquelyn Pence, PhD; Phone Number: 901-678-1547; Email: jpence1@memphis.edu
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Richard Bloomer, PhD; Email: rbloomer@memphis.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38152
      • Recruiting
      • Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research
      • Contact: Jackie Pence, PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

• Be age 18 years or older
• male or female
• have a body mass index (BMI)between 18.5-35 kg/m2 (not morbidly obese)
• Be engaged in moderate physical activity, defined as ≤5 hours/week of aerobic exercise
• Not have a history or presence of a clinically relevant (that required or requires treatment) cardiac, renal, hepatic, endocrine (including diabetes mellitus), pulmonary, biliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or neurologic disorder (reviewed by Nurse practitioner)
• Not have other conditions that are likely to alter fluid balance or be negatively affected by changing electrolyte levels/hydration status (as determined by Nurse practitioner)
• Not be consuming any medication which may alter fluid retention/electrolyte levels such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (for type 2 diabetes), laxatives, diuretics, Apremilast, chemotherapy, or lithium. (Medications will be reviewed by Nurse practitioner)
• Not consume nutritional supplements, performance enhancing drugs, and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 7 days of study visits excluding screening.
• Follow the lifestyle and dietary restrictions before study visits (excluding screening/consenting visit) including before each visit avoiding strenuous activity for 24 hours prior, refrain from caffeine for 12 hours and alcohol for 24 hours, consume the standardized diet and maintain similar activity levels for 24 hours prior, consume 2.5 liters for men or 2.0 liters for women day prior, and fast (water only) of at least 10 hours prior.
• Not have a sensitivity or be allergic to any components of the study interventions (water, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, vitamin C, dextrose, AminoAbsorb (L-alanine, L-glutamine, glycine).
• Not be a tobacco user
• Not be following a specialized dietary pattern that may alter findings (e.g., low carbohydrate/ketogenic diet, carnivore diet, intermittent fasting etc.)
• Arrive to lab for visits euhydrated (USG 1.005-1.020)
• Have the ability and willingness to fast (consume water/treatments only) for 15 hours (10 hours prior to lab visits not including screening)
• Not be enrolled in another clinical study within 30 days of the first study visit
• Be without active infection or illness of any kind
• Not be pregnant or breastfeeding
• Not have surgery in the previous 4 months

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Hydramin, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate, Water; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Hydramin solution Visit 2: Electrolyte and Carbohydrate Visit 3: Water	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)
Experimental: Hydramin, Water, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Hydramin solution Visit 2: Water Visit 3: Electrolyte/Carbohydrate	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)
Experimental: Electrolyte and Carbohydrate, Hydramin, Water; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Electrolyte/Carbohydrate Visit 2: Hydramin solution Visit 3: Water	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)
Experimental: Electrolyte and Carbohydrate, Water, Hydramin; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Electrolyte/Carbohydrate Visit 2: Water Visit 3: Hydramin solution	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)
Experimental: Water, Hydramin, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Water Visit 2: Hydramin solution Visit 3: Electrolyte/Carbohydrate	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)
Experimental: Water, Electrolyte and Carbohydrate, Hydramin; At the beginning of each visit, subjects will arrive hydrated having consumed the standardized meal replacements the day before. Baseline measures will be taken and the subject will then consume one fourth of the randomly assigned condition provided to them every 7.5 minutes (1 liter total volume) over a 30-minute period. After the 1 liter is consumed, subjects will then be monitored for an additional four hours. Visit 1: Control Visit 2: Electrolyte/Carbohydrate Visit 3: Hydramin solution	Dietary supplement: Carbohydrate and Electrolyte hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and carbohydrate powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Dextrose; Dietary supplement: Water; 1 L Smart Water; Dietary supplement: Hydramin hydration solution; 4 sticks of electrolyte and amino acid powder dissolved in 1 L Smart Water. Ingredients: Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, AminoAbsorb (L-glutamine, L-Alanine, Glycine)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity measured via refractometry.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine sodium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per kilogram of water	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Body mass	Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Body mass	Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Body Water	Body water will be determined using a digital bioelectrical impedance analysis scale.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Body Water	Body water will be determined using a digital bioelectrical impedance analysis scale.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Body Water	Body water will be determined using a digital bioelectrical impedance analysis scale.	240 minutes after beverage consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	40 minutes after beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	50 minutes after beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	75 minutes after beverage consumption
Blood Glucose	Blood glucose will be measured in milligrams per deciliter using a glucometer	90 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes being better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits being worse.scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) where higher scores for positive mood attributes indicating a better outcome and higher scores for both negative mood attributes and digestive traits generally indicating a worse outcome.	240 minutes after beverage consumption

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Memphis
• Collaborators: PharmaLinea Ltd.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 23, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 27, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 27, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): April 2, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 7, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: electrolytes; hydration; Beverage Hydration Index; Hydramin
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Inorganic Chemicals; Anions; Ions; Electrolytes; Hydroxides; Alkalies; Oxides; Oxygen Compounds; Water; Carbohydrates
• Other Study ID Numbers: PRO-FY2026-164

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No