Impact of Nuun Instant on Hydration Status in Active Men and Women

While Nuun Instant is commercially available and has received positive reviews from athletes, there have been no studies to date to evaluate the impact of this product on hydration status. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Nuun Instant powder and new product under development called Nuun Electrolyte on hydration status in young and active men and women. We will follow a similar approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water), while also measuring plasma volume using the method of Dill and Costill (1974).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hydration
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Nuun Instant; Other: Water; Dietary supplement: Nuun Electrolyte

Detailed Description

Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to optimal health and athletic performance. When individuals exercise (in particular in a warm environment), they can lose excessive amounts of fluids through sweating, along with necessary electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride). With dehydration, individuals may feel sluggish and can experience impaired physical performance.

Many attempts have been made to improve and measure the hydration status of active individuals. This typically involves the ingestion of fluids leading up to activity (typically plain water), as well as the ingestion of fluids during the activity itself (water, along with a diluted carbohydrate/electrolyte beverage). This approach seems to work well; however, some debate remains over what the best fluid is to consume, in particular related to the macronutrient type and the specific electrolyte mix.

Related to the above, it is well-accepted that electrolyte replenishment is of importance, both during and following exercise-to aid in rehydration for subsequent bouts. Electrolytes (sodium in particular) have been used for decades to aid athlete hydration and this has led to the development of various sport drinks-which also include small amounts of carbohydrate (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade). However, one problem with moderate to high carbohydrate ingestion is that some individuals experience gastrointestinal (GI) upset following carbohydrate ingestion before and during an event, despite very good physical performance outcomes. Due to this GI upset, some individuals (in particular recreationally active individuals who are not competing at high levels) rely on water alone or a very low concentrated carbohydrate beverage, and seek a method to ingest the lost electrolytes as well.

The solution to the above issues for many athletes is the use of powder "stick packs" that can be carried in bags and pockets, and simply dumped into a water bottle when needed, shaken, and consumed. They are easy to transport and provide the needed carbohydrate, as well as electrolytes to replace those that are lost through intense and/or long duration exercise.

We recently completed a study of Nuun electrolyte tablets, which provide 2 grams of carbohydrate per serving and a combination of electrolytes, provided at a relatively low percentage of the Daily Value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Nuun tablets contain: calcium (13mg, 1%DV), sodium (300mg, 13%DV), potassium (150mg, 3%DV), magnesium (25mg, 6%DV), and chloride (40mg, 2%DV). Our results indicated improved hydration (based on urine output and the calculated hydration index) when subjects consumed the Nuun tablets mixed into 1 liter of water, as compared to water alone.

Nuun Instant is a new product that is similar to the Nuun tablets, but is formulated for those who may experience a significant electrolyte loss and is higher in carbohydrate as well. Specifically, the Nuun Instant product contains (per 11 gram serving) the following: 7 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (20mg, 2%DV), sodium (520mg, 23%DV), potassium (385mg, 8%DV), magnesium (8mg, 2%DV), chloride (250mg, 10%DV), and 100% of vitamin C (90mg) and B12 (2.4 mcg).

Nuun Electrolytes is a new product in development that is similar to the Nuun tablets, but with an adjusted formula. Nuun Electrolytes consist of Citric Acid, Dextrose, Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, Natural Flavors, Potassium Chloride, Malic Acid, Magnesium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Stevia Leaf Extract, Beet Powder Color, Safflower Oil. Nuun electrolytes contains (per tablet) the following: 3 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (15 mg, 1%DV), sodium (200 mg, 9%DV), potassium (125mg, 3%DV), magnesium (15mg, 4%DV), and chloride (75mg, 3%DV).

While Nuun Instant is commercially available and has received positive reviews from athletes, there have been no studies to date to evaluate the impact of this product or Nuun Electrolyte on hydration status. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Nuun Instant powder and Nuun Electrolyte tablets on hydration status in young and active men and women. We will follow a similar approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water), while also measuring plasma volume using the method of Dill and Costill (1974).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38152
      • Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Reseach

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• body mass index (BMI) between 18-29.9 kg/m2
• no consumption of alcohol-containing beverages within 48 hours of testing
• no consumption of caffeine-containing beverages within 48 hours of testing
• no strenuous exercise within 48 hours of testing
• regularly consumes 2 liters of water daily
• engaged in structured exercise 3 or more hours per week for the past 6 months or longer

Exclusion Criteria:

• tobacco user
• active infection or illness
• pregnant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Nuun Instant; 2 servings of Nuun instant in 1 liter water	Dietary supplement: Nuun Instant; Contains (per 11 gram serving) the following: 7 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (20mg, 2%DV), sodium (520mg, 23%DV), potassium (385mg, 8%DV), magnesium (8mg, 2%DV), chloride (250mg, 10%DV), and 100% of vitamin C (90mg) and B12 (2.4 mcg).; Other: Water; water
Placebo Comparator: Control; 1 liter of water	Other: Water; water
Experimental: Nuun Electrolyte; 2.1 servings of Nuun Electrolyte in 1 liter water	Other: Water; water; Dietary supplement: Nuun Electrolyte; Citric Acid, Dextrose, Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, Natural Flavors, Potassium Chloride, Malic Acid, Magnesium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Stevia Leaf Extract, Beet Powder Color, Safflower Oil. Nuun electrolytes contains (per tablet) the following: 3 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (15 mg, 1%DV), sodium (200 mg, 9%DV), potassium (125mg, 3%DV), magnesium (15mg, 4%DV), and chloride (75mg, 3%DV).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body weight	Body weight will be measured in underwear and papergown on digital scale.	baseline
Body weight	Body weight will be measured in underwear and papergown on digital scale.	4 hours after intervention
Urine Volume	Volume of urine output will be measured.	Immediately following intervention
Urine Volume	Volume of urine output will be measured.	1 hour after intervention
Urine Volume	Volume of urine output will be measured.	2 hours after intervention
Urine Volume	Volume of urine output will be measured.	3 hours after intervention
Urine Volume	Volume of urine output will be measured.	4 hours after intervention
Urine Mass	Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale.	immediately after intervention
Urine Mass	Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale.	1 hour after intervention
Urine Mass	Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale.	2 hours after intervention
Urine Mass	Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale.	3 hours after intervention
Urine Mass	Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale.	4 hours after intervention
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure will be measured.	baseline
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure will be measured.	1 hour after intervention
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure will be measured.	2 hours after intervention
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure will be measured.	3 hours after intervention
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure will be measured.	4 hours after intervention
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured.	immediately after intervention
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured.	1 hour after intervention
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured.	2 hours after intervention
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured.	3 hours after intervention
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured.	4 hours after intervention
Hematocrit	Hematocrit will be measured from blood.	baseline
Hematocrit	Hematocrit will be measured from blood.	4 hours after intervention
Hemoglobin	Hemoglobin will be measured from blood.	baseline
Hemoglobin	Hemoglobin will be measured from blood.	4 hours after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Memphis
• Collaborators: Nuun & Company

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 23, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 6, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): April 6, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 18, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 18, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): February 21, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 28, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 26, 2021
• Last Verified: April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: electrolyte; sport drink; beverage hydration index
• Other Study ID Numbers: PRO-FY2021-96

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No