Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Products' Efficacy, Safety, and Public Health Implications

July 2, 2026 updated by: Ushama Shafoyat, Military Institute of science and Technology

Comparative Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Products in South Asia and North America: Efficacy, Safety, and Public Health Implications

Human Volunteer Participation:

A total of six (6) healthy adult volunteers participated in the study, including three males and three females aged between 18 and 22 years. The volunteers participated in:

  • Arm-in-Cage Test Procedure
  • Dermatological Safety Test

All participants were:

  • Non-tobacco users
  • Free from dermatosis or chronic skin disease
  • Free from known allergic reactions to arthropod bites or mosquito repellents
  • Informed regarding the objectives, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers before participation. Participants were instructed not to apply perfumes, aromatics, skincare products, or other mosquito repellents on the hands for at least 12 hours before and during the experiment to minimize experimental bias.

Safety and Ethical Considerations:

  1. All experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions.
  2. Appropriate safety precautions and monitoring procedures were maintained throughout the study.
  3. Volunteers retained the right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalty.
  4. Confidentiality and anonymity of volunteer information were strictly maintained.
  5. No severe physical or psychological risk was associated with participation.
  6. Immediate medical support and first-aid facilities were available during experimentation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

6

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Bangladesh
    • Dhaka Division
      • Dhaka, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh, 1216
        • Biomedical Engineering Department, Military Institute of Science and Technology

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • healthy adult volunteers participated

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Sick and children

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm-in-Cage Test Procedure
This arm evaluates the efficacy of commercially available skin-applied mosquito repellent formulations against Aedes albopictus females using a standardized WHO-recommended Arm-in-Cage Test (ACT). The study assesses mosquito landing/biting protection under controlled laboratory conditions using human volunteers and standardized exposure procedures.
Device: Mosquito Repellent Products (Topical and Spatial Formulations)
Specialized rubber gloves designed to expose only a 4 × 4 cm area of dorsal hand skin while protecting the rest of the hand. Gloves were replaced between trials to prevent cross-contamination or residual repellent effects.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Mosquito Landings on the Treated Forearm During the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test
Time Frame: Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application.
The number of mosquito landings on the treated forearm will be counted during each exposure period using the standardized WHO Arm-in-Cage Test with 50 unfed female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application.
Number of Confirmed Mosquito Bites During the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test
Time Frame: Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application.
The number of confirmed mosquito bites occurring on the treated forearm will be recorded during each exposure period.
Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application.
Complete Protection Time Measured by the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test
Time Frame: Up to 8 hours after application.
Complete Protection Time is defined as the elapsed time from repellent application until the first confirmed mosquito landing or bite.
Up to 8 hours after application.
Percentage Protection Against Mosquito Landing
Time Frame: Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after application
Percentage protection will be calculated by comparing the number of mosquito landings on treated skin with the corresponding control observations.
Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after application

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Skin Reactions
Time Frame: Within 8 hours after application.
The number of participants experiencing erythema, itching, rash, burning sensation, or other treatment-related skin reactions after topical repellent application.
Within 8 hours after application.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Military Institute of science and Technology

Collaborators

University of Washington
Texas A&M University
University of Basel
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tsinghua University
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 25, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 25, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

November 5, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 5, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 7, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 7, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2025H009

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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